BIO 112 chapter 30

Human farming activities began about ________ years ago.

11000

Overexploitation is a problem for more than ________% of threatened mammals and birds.

30

The ecological footprint of the human species is about:

30% greater than Earth's biocapacity.

Tropical rainforests are home to ________% of the world's plants and animals.

50

Loss of habitat is a problem for more than ________% of threatened amphibians, mammals, and birds.

85

The project to straighten the Kissimmee River in the mid-twentieth century and the subsequent loss of wetlands resulted in:

a pollution problem.

Coastal wetlands, or marshes, serve to

absorb" water from major storms

Organic farming involves:

allowing natural predators to control pests.

The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, begun in 2000, has already resulted in

an improvement in water quality

In the soil, ________ convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use.

bacteria

Food that is produced using unsustainable farming practices tends to:

be cheaper

Plants prevent erosion by

blocking winds

The variety of communities and the nonliving environment upon which the communities depend is the:

ecosystem diversity.

The conservation organization TAMAR has had some success in protecting sea turtles by

engaging the local community in conservation efforts

Pollutants such as ________ may affect the development or reproduction of organisms.

estrogen mimics

Clear-cutting of rain forests may result in the local climate becoming:

hotter and drier.

Some biologists believe that life on Earth is in the midst of a sixth major mass extinction event caused by:

human activity.

Many large mammals and birds require ________ acres of continuous suitable habitat for food and territory.

hundreds of

Attempts are being made to restore the Kissimmee River in order to:

improve the water quality.

Plants help reduce flooding by:

increasing the soil's ability to hold water.

A ________ species is fundamentally essential to an ecosystem; its loss changes the structure of the entire community.

keystone

Tropical rain forests provide all of the following EXCEPT:

large supplies of fossil fuels.

The largest threat to global biodiversity, as identified by the IUCN, is

loss of habitat.

In the United States, most Biosphere Reserves are found in:

national parks and national forests

Most of the world's food supply comes from:

only a dozen crops.

Core reserves are areas where:

only human activities that have low impact on the native wildlife are allowed

An introduced species is "invasive" if it:

outcompetes native species in its new habitat

The major goal of conservation biology is to:

preserve the diversity of living organisms.

The most likely explanation for any mass extinction event is:

rapid environmental change

The idea that several species in a community have functionally equivalent roles but vary in their ability to withstand environmental stressors is called the ________ hypothesis

redundancy

The 1993 flooding along the Missouri River was partially caused by:

removal of forests and wetlands along the river.

The minimum viable population is the:

smallest number of organisms capable of maintaining a population.

The number of different types of organisms-plants, animals, microbes, and fungi-living in an area is the ________ of a community.

species diversity.

Comparison of the human ecological footprint to Earth's biocapacity suggests that:

the human population cannot sustain its current level of resource usage.

It is difficult to estimate current rates of extinction because:

the number of species is unknown; many remain undescribed to science.

In less-developed countries, many species are being harvested unsustainably because:

the people must eat or sell the species' products to survive.

As a result of global warming

there are greater extremes in weather patterns.

The transition zone of a Biosphere Reserve is an area where:

there are many human residents, and the goal is sustainable development.

Many marine animal species are threatened because:

they are overexploited as a human food source

Forests influence local climates by:

transpiring water into the atmosphere

Unsustainable farming practices include:

using herbicides and pesticides.

About ________% of the carbon dioxide produced by human activity is a result of deforestation

xxx 75 xxx 10

Traditional medicines, which are used by about ________% of people worldwide, are primarily derived from wild plants

xxx 90

Why is it important to preserve the genetic diversity of the wild relatives of crop plants?

xxx The wild relatives may someday have to replace the crop plants because they are generally more disease-resistant.

Adult sea turtles are primarily threatened by:

xxx beach development, hunting, and polluted ocean waters. xxx hunting

The United Nations has established a network of Biosphere Reserves, each of which consists of a:

xxx core reserve. xxx core reserve, buffer zone, transition area, remediation zone, and education center.

The greatest threat to newly hatched sea turtles is

xxx hunting

Much of the tropical rain-forest land that has been lost has been used for

xxx pastures for grazing domestic animals -argiculture

The goals of conservation biologists include all of the following EXCEPT:

xxx working toward resource sustainability.