BIO 112 Lab 9 and Quiz

Which of the following is a method of fungal reproduction? Select all that apply. a. Sexual b. Zygosporangium c. Asexual d. Spores e. Dikaryotic

(Select all) a. Sexual b. Zygosporangium c. Asexual d. Spores e. Dikaryotic

What is a mycelium?

A network of fused hyphae, are the structures that invade and digest material in soil, wood, and other matter.

What type of heterotroph are most fungi? A. Decomposer B. Carnivore C. Herbivore D. Omnivore

A. Decomposer

Which type of spore is produced by cap fungi? A. Basidiospores B. Ascospores C. Zygospores

B. Ascospores

What type of spore are derived from segments of the hyphae? A. Chlamydospores B. Blastospores C. Arthrospores D. Canidiospores E. Sporangiospores

C. Arthrospores

Name 3 uses of fungi that are beneficial to humans. Name 2 harmful effects of fungi to humans.

1. They are a major source of vitamin c 2. They produce antibiotics such as penicillin, which has saved countless lives. 3. They can be genetically engineered to produce insulin and other human hormones. 1. They spoil food, destroying timber, and causing diseases of crops, live stock, and humans 2. Fungi cause the majority of plant diseases, which in turn cause serious economic loss.

Which of the following characteristics are shared between some fungi and protists? A. Multicellular and mobile. B. Immobile and multicellular. C. Prokaryotic and immobile. D. Mobile and unicellular.

B. Immobile and multicellular.

How might the environment influence whether a fungus reproduces sexually or asexually?

Because if the environment is not how it needs to be the fungus will be unable to grow

What does it mean to be a decomposer and saprophyte?

Decomposers, meaning that they secrete enzymes to break down material into soluble organic compounds, which they can absorb. Saprophytes that digest dead and decaying material and are critical to breaking down and recycling nutrients in the environment.

What structures did you see in the bread mold?

Different color molding, mostly green and white-ish, rough surface, large oval or circular structures, some places were very hard and dry as well.

Describe fungi reproduction.

During the asexual phase, identical microscopic haploid spores are created be mitosis. When they land in the right conditions they germinate and grow new hyphae. Only some phyla of fungi can undergo sexual reproduction. This often involves the creation of a dikaryon cell: A cell with two haploid nuclei. Fungi produce three major types of sexual produced spores across the different phyla.

How many ascospores are in each ascus of the yeast?

Each ascus contains one to four ascospores.

Why was it important to moisten the bread before sealing it in the bag?

I believe it was important because moistening the bread will allow mold to grow quicker when kept in an incubated location

Include your hypothesis from Step 5 here.

I believe that the wet piece of bread will experience more growth over time than the dry piece of bread. The bread will act as a sponge, soak up the water, and fungus and bacteria will start to grow over the course of a few days.

Is the bread mold reproducing sexually or asexually? How could you determine this?

I would say the bread reproduces asexually due to the lack of two sexes within the mold.

? Explain karyogamy and which type of reproduction is involved.

Karyogamy is the final step in the process of fusing together two haploid eukaryotic cells, and refers specifically to the fusion of the two nuclei. Sexual reproduction

Describe hyphae.

Multicellular fungi are primarily filamentous, with long thing somatic cells.

Explain what type of control (positive or negative) the dry bread provided.

Negative results because placing the dry piece of bread would be the same as keeping in the bread bag. There are not host cells in the bag the would create a mold to grow so fast even through bread does mold, but only over a longer period of time.

Hypothesize why a fungus would use spores as a mechanism for reproduction.

Spores are small and light and can help fungus reproduce both sexually and asexually. A fungus would use a spore to reproduce because when they land in the right conditions, they germinate and grow new hyphae.

What would you expect to find if you left the bread for six months?

The entire slice of bread covered in mold.

Are the ascospores of the Peziza inside or outside of the asci?

They are inside

What characteristics of fungi are more plant-like? Animal-like?

With animals fungi lack chloroplasts and with plants fungi have a cell wall and vacuoles, the produce sexually and asexually

Compare yeast to the Peziza slide. Identify at least one difference and one similarity.

Yeast is multicellular whereas Peziza is unicellular. They are similar in that they both appear rounded in shape under a microscope and contain ascospores and asci.

Were multi-nucleated hyphae prevalent when looking at the Rhizopus slide? How do you know?

Yes, they were. they were easy to identify by their colorless cotton, thread-like and rounded structures.

Which of the following are commercial uses of fungi? Select all that apply. a. Alcohol Production b. Antibiotics c. Sunscreen Lotions d. Food

a. Alcohol Production b. Antibiotics d. Food

Which of the following is true of both fungi and protists? Select all that apply. a. Both can produce their own food as autotrophs. b. Both are composed of prokaryotic cells. c. Both can cause ailments and disease in humans. d. Both have commercial uses.

c. Both can cause ailments and disease in humans. d. Both have commercial uses.

What characteristics are unique to the Kingdom Fungi? Select all that apply. a. Spores b. Chitin c. Mycelium d. Hyphae

c. Mycelium d. Hyphae