BIO 126 - Chapter 3

Identify two nutrients that are produced by bacteria in the large intestine - Vitamin K - Calcium - Biotin - Iron

- Vitamin K - Biotin

Distributing nutrients, oxygen, white blood cells, and hormones throughout the body is the function of the ___ system - cardiovascular - urinary - digestive - endocrine

- cardiovascular

What distinguishes the portal vein from other veins in the body? - the portal vein carries blood away from the heart - the portal vein transports blood from the lungs to the heart - the portal vein carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the heart - the portal vein transports blood to the liver rather than directly to the heart

- the portal vein transports blood to the liver rather than directly to the heart

Digestive enzymes are very specific with regard to the - vitamin or mineral cofactors they require to function. - type of chemical reaction they catalyze. - pH of the environment in which they function. - type of bacteria for which they provide fuel.

- vitamin or mineral cofactors they require to function. - type of chemical reaction they catalyze. - pH of the environment in which they function.

Intrinsic factor is required for absorption of vitamin ___. - B-12 - C - B-6 - A

B-12

True or False: Nutritional status has no effect on organ function.

False

True or False: Vitamins and minerals can be broken down to yield energy.

False

True or False: the digestive system is the body system primarily in charge of regulating metabolism.

False

___ is the storage form of glucose in the human body

Glycogen

Fats are digested by - sucrase - lipase - lactase - protease

Lipase

What is the connection between lysosomes and immune function? Lysosomes manufacture vitamin C. Lysosomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful chemicals. The immune system fights invaders and lysosomes help destroy the damaged cells. Lysosomes are responsible for all of the responses of the immune system?

The immune system fights invaders and lysosomes help destroy the damaged cells.

One substance responsible for the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is - amylase - bicarbonate - protease - bile

bile

The aerobic phase of metabolism occurs in the cell nucleus ribosomes cytoplasm mitochondria

mitochondria

A compartment, particle, or filament that performs a specialized function within a cell is called a(n) organelle tissue organ organ system

organelle

The nucleus, Golgi Complex, and lysosomes are examples of tissues cells organelles organs

organelles

The ___ cells of the stomach produce hydrochloric acid. - chief - parietal - muscle - mucous neck

parietal

Lipase and amylase are two components of ___, which is produced by glands in the mouth - saliva - pancreatic juice - chyme - bile

saliva

Peristalsis refers to

waves of muscular contraction that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract

Hormones (check all that apply) - act on target tissues that are distant front he site of hormone production in the body - are essential compounds of the diet - are chemical messengers - bind to the receptor on a specific target tissue

- act on target tissues that are distant front he site of hormone production in the body - are chemical messengers - bind to the receptor on a specific target tissue

Identify structures made up of connective tissue. - cartilage - nerves - bones - tendons

- cartilage - bones - tendons

The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of - chemical digestion - sensory digestion - maldigestion - mechanical digestion

- chemical digestion

Which of the following are functions of the nervous system? - detects sensations - controls intellectual functioning - directs movements - transports nutrients and wastes

- detects sensations - controls intellectual functioning - directs movements

What is needed to facilitate active absorption? - lipase - bile - energy - a protein carrier

- energy - a protein carrier

another name for adrenaline is ___. - insulin - norepinephrine - epinephrine - glucagon

- epinephrine

Identify the nutrients that play a role in immune health - essential fatty acids - zinc - Vitamin C - Vitamin A

- essential fatty acids - zinc - Vitamin C - Vitamin A

Most of the time, the brain relies on ___ as its energy source. - albumin - fat - protein - glucose

- glucose

The cardiovascular system is made up of which of the following components? - heart - veins - arteries - lymphatic vessels

- heart - veins - arteries

Preventing pathogens from invading the body is a shared role of which of the following systems? - muscular system - immune system - nervous system - digestive system

- immune system - digestive system

Identify the organs that work together to maintain the acid-base balance of the blood - kidneys - lungs - gallbladder - pancreas - liver

- kidneys - lungs

Which of the following are pancreatic enzymes that function in digestion of food? - lipase - glucagon - insulin - amylase

- lipase - amylase

Chemical reactions that enable the resease of energy from foods, syntesis of one compound from another, and preperation of waste products for excretion of the body are - digestion - metabolism - gene expression

- metabolism

Which of the following are roles of the endocrine system? - produces hormones - plays a major role in the regulation of metabolism - maintains water balance - converts beta-carotene to vitamin C

- produces hormones - plays a major role in the regulation of metabolism - maintains water balance

Before feces are eliminated, they are held in the - cecum - rectum - gallbladder - ileocecal sphincter

- rectum

Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system? - transports water soluble nutrients - returns fluid the collects between cells back to the bloodsteam - transport of absorbed dietary fats - defense of the body against invading pathogens

- returns fluid the collects between cells back to the bloodsteam - transport of absorbed dietary fats - defense of the body against invading pathogens

Which two minerals are important for transmission of nerve impulses? - fluorine - sodium - potassium - selenium

- sodium - potassium

Human metabolism includes - synthesis of hormones from proteins within cells. - preperation of waste products for excretion. - fermentation of dietary fiber in the large intestine. - breakdown of worn-out cell components.

- synthesis of hormones from proteins within cells. - preperation of waste products for excretion. - breakdown of worn-out cell components.

True or False: Cells need water, building supplies, and chemical regulators to function properly.

True

True or False: Located in the cytoplasm, the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes that are continuous with the outer membrane of the cell nucleus.

True

Another name for specific immunity is innate immunity cell-mediated immunity adaptive immunity autoimmunity

adaptive immunity

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of - pepsin - amylase - lipase - protease

amylase

Large dosages of vitamin A (e.g. more than 3 times the RDA)

can cause harmful side effects

In the liver and muscle cells, glycogen is the short-term storage form of

carbohydrates

After a meal, ___ moves from the stomach, through the pyloric sphincter, and into the small intestine one teaspoon at a time. - bile - fecal matter - chyme - pancreatic juice

chyme

The initial phase of energy metabolism begins in the cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus endoplasmic reticulum

cytoplasm

Non-specific immunity ___ require a previous encounter with a pathogen. - might - does - does not

does not

The first segment of the small intestine is known as the - duodenum - colon - jejunum - ileum

duodenum

When pancreatic function declines, insulin production decreases and blood glucose __

increases

Filtering the blood is a function of which organ?

kidney

Large dietary fats are absorbed from the small intestine into the - blood - chyme - portal vein - lymph

lymph

an enzyme that breaks down the bonds in protein is a(n) - amylase - peptide - lipase - protease

protease

Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest ___. cholesterol protein fat starch

starch

Chyme is formed in the - stomach - large intestine - small intestine - mouth

stomach

The catabolic form of metabolism -builds a new product - takes molecules apart - puts molecules together

takes molecules apart

The kidneys, bladder, and the ureters make up the ___ system - nervous - digestive - urinary - lymphatic

urinary

After blood flows through the body, it returns to the heart through

veins