BIO 14, 15, 16

Suppose that many species of cichlids in one lake in Africa diverged from a common ancestor, which also inhabited the lake. What process has occurred among cichlids in this lake?

sympatric speciation

During which phase of the virus life cycle is translation of viral genetic proteins most likely to take place?

synthesis

If someone asks you how you can tell that you are a primate, which of the following would be a correct way to answer? Select all that apply

.I have opposable thumbs, just like all primates. I have binocular vision, just like all primates.

Limited flowers

A wind current carries and A dam erected

Review the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?" Select all of the following that are true about hominid genomes.

Chromosome banding patterns are similar between orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. Human chromosome #2 is the result of the fusion of two chromosomes after the human and chimp lineage diverged. Human and chimp genomes have 96% nucleotide similarity.

Label the four parts of the evolutionary tree as indicating a monophyletic group, a paraphyletic group, or a polyphyletic group. Each label may be used more than once or not at all.

Clock Wise Monophylectic group - green space Polyphylectic - Birds to Mammals Monophylectic - Amphibians Paraphylectic - "Class Reptillia"

One of your friends asks you, "If humans are related to chimpanzees, then you must think that humans evolved from chimps. Why, then, are there still chimps?" What is the best response to this?

Humans did not evolve from chimps. Humans and chimps share a common ancestor that was neither a chimp nor a human.

Genetic evidence shows that plants, fungi, and animals arose from different protist ancestors.

Multicellularity arose independently in several lineages.

Label

Nanavian reptiles (not clade) - dinosaurs to turtles Taxon - Turtle Common ancestor of mammals, reptiles, and birds - bunny turtle, frog Common ancestor of birds crocodiles and dinosaurs Clade (bird and dinosaurs) - bird and dinosaur

Review the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?" Which of the following is not an application of the sequencing of hominid genomes?

Predict what human chromosomes might be the next to fuse.

How do reproductive barriers relate to the biological species concept?

Reproductive barriers produce unique species by preventing two populations from interbreeding.

Slime molds are protists that do this as part of their life cycle.

Several unicellular organisms could have come together and taken on specialized tasks.

Excessive flowers

Some members of a monkey population and In a plant population, two dipoid

AZT is a drug that is commonly used to fight HIV infection. The active component of AZT is a DNA nucleotide analog that is shaped almost, but not exactly, like a thymine nucleotide: at the 3' end of the analog is a nitrogen group instead of the 3' OH group. Because of its structure, AZT is only able to bond with one other nucleotide, whereas a typical nucleotide is able to bond with two nucleotides (one at its 3' carbon and another at its 5' carbon). Reverse transcriptase, which uses viral RNA as a template to synthesize DNA, will use the AZT instead of using normal nucleotides. The polymerases in our cells will not use AZT. Considering this information, together with what you learned about DNA replication in section 8.2, what is the most likely explanation for how AZT prevents HIV replication?

The DNA strand produced by reverse transcriptase will stop being synthesized the first time the nucleotide analog is inserted.

Select all of the true statements about Stanley Miller's experiment and early Earth.

The experiment did not include oxygen because the earliest Earth lacked oxygen in its atmosphere. The experiment showed that Oparin's four gases combined with electricity could produce amino acids. Miller's prebiotic simulation has been repeated by other scientists.

Modern plants and animals develop from one cell (a fertilized egg) this way.

Unicellular organisms could have failed to separate after cell division.

What population is most likely to become extinct when faced with a changing environment?

a small population with long reproductive time and low genetic diversity

Extinctions occur when

no member of a species has the alleles necessary to survive and reproduce when conditions change.