BIO 155 Chapter 11- Nervous System

Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta-amyloid are problems associated with which one of the following diseases?

Alzheimers disease

A nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along _____

Axons

Which part of the brain is associated with conscious thought, memory, and personality?

Cerebral cortex

A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____

Dendrites

With the exception of sensory neurons, the role of a neuron's __________ is to carry information toward the cell body, whereas the role of the __________ is to carry information away from the cell body.

Dendrites; axon

True or false. An individual who has suffered a stroke, which has caused damage in his cerebrum, and is now having problems with his hearing, has probably suffered damage to his occipital lobe.

False

Consider the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine. Which statement is generally true?

In general, the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system is norepinephrine, and the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is acetylcholine.

Which statement accurately describes the myelin sheath?

It speeds up the conduction of nervous impulses

A molecule that carries information across a synaptic cleft is a

Neurotransmitter

What does saltatory conduction mean?

Saltatory conduction means that the nerve impulse seems to jump from one node to the next—and is regenerated as it speeds along.

What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron?

Schwann cells

When speaking of myelinating glial cells, we can correctly say that ________

Schwann cells are glial cells found outside the brain and spinal cord; oligodendrocytes are glial cells found in the brain and spinal cord

Which of the following statements is true about the interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers may innervate the same organs, but they have generally opposite effects.

The small space between the sending neuron and the receiving neuron is the

Synaptic cleft

What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector?

Synaptic terminal

Which part of the brain functions as a relay station for information to the limbic system and the cerebral cortex?

Thalamus

If a signal from a sending neuron makes the receiving neuron more negative inside,

The receiving neuron is less likely to generate an action potential

Which statement most accurately describes the relative physical position of the ganglia of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

The sympathetic ganglia are located in chain-like fashion near the spinal cord. The parasympathetic ganglia are located closer to their target organs.

Think of the heart in the tutorial. Now, picture yourself being chased by a herd of wild elephants. What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic actions on your heart?

The sympathetic nervous system will cause the heart rate to speed up. The parasympathetic nervous system will be "overridden."

Long-term memory occurs __________

When neurons are permanently changed

The part of the nerve cell responsible for origination of the nerve impulse is the ________

axon hillock, because this is the specific area of the nerve cell that generates the electrical impulse that travels along the axon

Name the three principal parts of the nerve cell

axon, dendrites, cell body

A neuron's nucleus is located in its _____.

cell body

When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron,

ion channels in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron open.

Axons insulated by a(n) _____ are able to conduct impulses faster that those not so insulated.

myelin sheath

An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from _____ to _____

node of ranvier...node of ranvier

When discussing the origins of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, we can most correctly state that ________

the parasympathetic nerves arise from the brain and part of the spinal cord, and all of the sympathetic nerves arise from the spinal cord

If a neurotransmitter is known to have either excitatory or inhibitory effects, what is the most likely factor that determines which effect this neurotransmitter will have at a postsynaptic membrane?

the type of receptor to which the neurotransmitter binds in the postsynaptic membrane

When calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal,

they cause vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules to fuse to the plasma membrane of the sending neuron.