Bio 161

The microscope developed by Leeuwenhoek was most similar to today's

Handheld magnifying glasses

The growth of a tissue due to enlargement of its cells, but not involving the production of new cells, is called ___.

Hypertrophy

The space under the tip of a fingernail is the

Hyponychium

The apocrine type of sweat gland is found

In the groin.

The fingernails are composed of the protein ___.

Keratin

The epidermis is said to be a ___ stratified squamous epithelium because it us covered with dead, protein-filled cells.

Keratinized

What is associated with the sense of touch?

Merkel cells

The glands most responsible for cooling the skin are

Merocrine glands

All permanent connective tissues originate with the ___ of the embryo.

Mesenchyme

The simple squamous epithelium that lines the body cavities and covers the outer surfaces of the viscera is called

Mesothelium

The Perichondrium is a layer of fibroconnective tissue surrounding

Most cartilage.

Glands that produce a thick, sticky secretion are called ___ glands.

Mucous

What are the four primary classes of tissue?

Muscular tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and nervous tissue

Sweat is expelled by contractions of the ___ cells in the base of the gland.

Myoepithelial

The abnormal death of a tissue is called

Necrosis

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and

Neuroglia

List the levels of human structural complexity from the smallest to the largest structural units.

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Hyaline cartilage is covered by a fibrous connective tissue membrane called the ___.

Perichondrium

What is most likely to cause disease?

Positive feedback

The gel of the extracellular matrix is composed mostly of water and

Proteoglycans

The presence of receptors and effectors is essential to what characteristic of living organisms?

Responsiveness

The holocrine glands of the skin secrete ___.

Sebum

Glands that produce thin, watery secretions are called ___ glands.

Serous

The epithelium that lines the stomach and intestines is

Simple columnar.

What type of epithelium is best suited for rapid filtration?

Simple squamous

The only type of muscle with multinucleated fibers is

Skeletal muscle

All are human organ systems

Skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, lymphatic

In this skin, the ___ is absent.

Stratum lucidum of the epidermis

The secretory cells of a gland are supported by a connective tissue framework called the

Stroma

The integumentary glands that normally develop at puberty are

The apocrine glands.

The parts of a hair from deepest in the skin to the part above the surface, respectively, are

The bulb, the root, and shaft

A hair receives its nutrition from

The dermal papilla.

In all mucous membranes, an epithelium rests on a connective tissue later called

The lamina propria.

Areolar tissue is found in

The papillary layer.

All new epidermal cells arise from

The stratum basale

The fastest rate of mitosis is seen in

The stratum basale.

Debridement is a treatment for

Third-degree burns

A ___ is a relatively impenetrable attachment between two epithelial cells formed by membrane proteins that interlock somewhat like a zipper.

Tight junction

An organ, by definition, is compared of two or more types of

Tissues.

Stretch marks result from

Torn collagen fibers.

A man cannot inherit pattern baldness from his father or pass it down to his son, but he can pass it down to his daughter.

True

After a cartilage cell becomes trapped in a lacuna, it is called chondrocyte.

True

Apocrine sweat glands first develop at puberty.

True

In a connective tissue, the extracellular matrix occupies more space than the cells do.

True

It is physiologically important for some ultraviolet light to penetrate the epidermis.

True

Men and women have about the same average number of hairs per square centimeter on the face.

True

Nervous, connective, epithelial, and muscular all belong together

True

Reticular fiber are branched

True

The primary purpose of a fixative is to prevent tissue decay.

True

The word root oste- pertains to bone.

True

There is a layer of areolar tissue immediately deep to the epidermis.

True

The synthesis of ___ depends on the penetration of ultraviolet light through the epidermis.

Vitamin D

What is an epidermal cell with an immunological function?

A langerhans cell

Any zone of tissue injury is called

A lesion.

The internal lining of the esophagus and adult vagina is

A stratified squamous epithelium.

What is similar to the negative feedback effect in human physiology?

A toilet tank that refills itself after a flush

Perspiration creates a protective low-pH film on the skin called the ___.

Acid mantle

A tissue specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation is

Adipose tissue.

Axillary sweat glands are in a class called ___ glands after a former, mistaken belief about their mode of secretion.

Apocrine

A decrease in the size of a tissue or organ is

Atrophy.

In thick skin, the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial, respectively, are the stratum

Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum

A simple epithelium is one In which every cell reaches the ___.

Basement membrane

Connective tissues are

Blood, cartilage, areolar tissue, osseous tissue

Osseous tissue is more commonly known as

Bone.

The smallest structures that biologists consider being alive are

Cells

Blood vessels travel through channels called ___, seen at the centers of the osteons.

Central Haversia Canals

Earwax is also called ___.

Cerumen

Tendons and ligaments are made predominantly of the protein

Collagen.

What primate trait is unusual among mammals?

Color vision

Dead keratinized cells form the stratum ___ of the skin.

Corneum

A deficiency of oxygen in the blood can give rise to a skin color called ___.

Cyanosis

In cold weather, ___ may result from reduced blood circulation through the skin.

Cyanosis

The cell body of a neuron usually has one axon and numerous ___ extending from it.

Dendrites

Tendons are in a category called ___ connective tissue because all their fibers are more or less parallel and closely spaced.

Dense regular

The tissue of which tendons are composed is

Dense regular connective tissue

A ___ is a patch where two cells are physically joined together.

Desmosome

The ultimate fate of an epidermal keratinocyte is described by the term

Desquamation.

Two types of cartilage are hyaline and

Elastic

The shape of a person's ear is due mainly to

Elastic cartilage

Any gland that has no duct and secretes its products directly into the blood is called an ___ gland.

Endocrine

Blood vessels are lacking from

Epithelial tissue and cartilage

A tissue with closely spaced cells and no blood vessels is

Epithelium

In a ___ gland, entire cells break down to form the secretion.

Exocrine

All the material that occurs outside the cells is called ___ material.

Extracellular

A gland can be mucous or serous, but not both.

False

Apoptosis is tissue growth through cell multiplication.

False

As people get older, brown fat constitutes a greater percentage of their body weight.

False

Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are benign forms of skin cancer.

False

In an epithelium, there is no extracellular matrix.

False

Jaundice can result from ingestion of large amounts of dietary carotene.

False

Malignant melanoma is the most deadly and most common form of skin cancer.

False

Most of the space within a cell is filled with interstitial fluid.

False

Oxygen cannot diffuse through the skin.

False

Second-degree burns are painless because the sensory nerve endings are destroyed.

False

The margins of the lips are red because of the high density of blood capillaries in the epidermis.

False

The only type of cell seen in a tendon is

Fibroblasts

The formation of scar tissue is called

Fibrosis

Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a ___.

Follicle

Tissue gel gets its vicious consistency from its

Glycosaminoglycans

___ are single mucus secreting cells found in the epithelia of many mucous membranes.

Goblet cells

All connective tissue consist of cells, fibers, and ___.

Ground substance

Cilia are most likely to be seen on ___ epithelium.

pseudostratified