Bio 161
The microscope developed by Leeuwenhoek was most similar to today's
Handheld magnifying glasses
The growth of a tissue due to enlargement of its cells, but not involving the production of new cells, is called ___.
Hypertrophy
The space under the tip of a fingernail is the
Hyponychium
The apocrine type of sweat gland is found
In the groin.
The fingernails are composed of the protein ___.
Keratin
The epidermis is said to be a ___ stratified squamous epithelium because it us covered with dead, protein-filled cells.
Keratinized
What is associated with the sense of touch?
Merkel cells
The glands most responsible for cooling the skin are
Merocrine glands
All permanent connective tissues originate with the ___ of the embryo.
Mesenchyme
The simple squamous epithelium that lines the body cavities and covers the outer surfaces of the viscera is called
Mesothelium
The Perichondrium is a layer of fibroconnective tissue surrounding
Most cartilage.
Glands that produce a thick, sticky secretion are called ___ glands.
Mucous
What are the four primary classes of tissue?
Muscular tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and nervous tissue
Sweat is expelled by contractions of the ___ cells in the base of the gland.
Myoepithelial
The abnormal death of a tissue is called
Necrosis
Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and
Neuroglia
List the levels of human structural complexity from the smallest to the largest structural units.
Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Hyaline cartilage is covered by a fibrous connective tissue membrane called the ___.
Perichondrium
What is most likely to cause disease?
Positive feedback
The gel of the extracellular matrix is composed mostly of water and
Proteoglycans
The presence of receptors and effectors is essential to what characteristic of living organisms?
Responsiveness
The holocrine glands of the skin secrete ___.
Sebum
Glands that produce thin, watery secretions are called ___ glands.
Serous
The epithelium that lines the stomach and intestines is
Simple columnar.
What type of epithelium is best suited for rapid filtration?
Simple squamous
The only type of muscle with multinucleated fibers is
Skeletal muscle
All are human organ systems
Skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, lymphatic
In this skin, the ___ is absent.
Stratum lucidum of the epidermis
The secretory cells of a gland are supported by a connective tissue framework called the
Stroma
The integumentary glands that normally develop at puberty are
The apocrine glands.
The parts of a hair from deepest in the skin to the part above the surface, respectively, are
The bulb, the root, and shaft
A hair receives its nutrition from
The dermal papilla.
In all mucous membranes, an epithelium rests on a connective tissue later called
The lamina propria.
Areolar tissue is found in
The papillary layer.
All new epidermal cells arise from
The stratum basale
The fastest rate of mitosis is seen in
The stratum basale.
Debridement is a treatment for
Third-degree burns
A ___ is a relatively impenetrable attachment between two epithelial cells formed by membrane proteins that interlock somewhat like a zipper.
Tight junction
An organ, by definition, is compared of two or more types of
Tissues.
Stretch marks result from
Torn collagen fibers.
A man cannot inherit pattern baldness from his father or pass it down to his son, but he can pass it down to his daughter.
True
After a cartilage cell becomes trapped in a lacuna, it is called chondrocyte.
True
Apocrine sweat glands first develop at puberty.
True
In a connective tissue, the extracellular matrix occupies more space than the cells do.
True
It is physiologically important for some ultraviolet light to penetrate the epidermis.
True
Men and women have about the same average number of hairs per square centimeter on the face.
True
Nervous, connective, epithelial, and muscular all belong together
True
Reticular fiber are branched
True
The primary purpose of a fixative is to prevent tissue decay.
True
The word root oste- pertains to bone.
True
There is a layer of areolar tissue immediately deep to the epidermis.
True
The synthesis of ___ depends on the penetration of ultraviolet light through the epidermis.
Vitamin D
What is an epidermal cell with an immunological function?
A langerhans cell
Any zone of tissue injury is called
A lesion.
The internal lining of the esophagus and adult vagina is
A stratified squamous epithelium.
What is similar to the negative feedback effect in human physiology?
A toilet tank that refills itself after a flush
Perspiration creates a protective low-pH film on the skin called the ___.
Acid mantle
A tissue specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation is
Adipose tissue.
Axillary sweat glands are in a class called ___ glands after a former, mistaken belief about their mode of secretion.
Apocrine
A decrease in the size of a tissue or organ is
Atrophy.
In thick skin, the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial, respectively, are the stratum
Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum
A simple epithelium is one In which every cell reaches the ___.
Basement membrane
Connective tissues are
Blood, cartilage, areolar tissue, osseous tissue
Osseous tissue is more commonly known as
Bone.
The smallest structures that biologists consider being alive are
Cells
Blood vessels travel through channels called ___, seen at the centers of the osteons.
Central Haversia Canals
Earwax is also called ___.
Cerumen
Tendons and ligaments are made predominantly of the protein
Collagen.
What primate trait is unusual among mammals?
Color vision
Dead keratinized cells form the stratum ___ of the skin.
Corneum
A deficiency of oxygen in the blood can give rise to a skin color called ___.
Cyanosis
In cold weather, ___ may result from reduced blood circulation through the skin.
Cyanosis
The cell body of a neuron usually has one axon and numerous ___ extending from it.
Dendrites
Tendons are in a category called ___ connective tissue because all their fibers are more or less parallel and closely spaced.
Dense regular
The tissue of which tendons are composed is
Dense regular connective tissue
A ___ is a patch where two cells are physically joined together.
Desmosome
The ultimate fate of an epidermal keratinocyte is described by the term
Desquamation.
Two types of cartilage are hyaline and
Elastic
The shape of a person's ear is due mainly to
Elastic cartilage
Any gland that has no duct and secretes its products directly into the blood is called an ___ gland.
Endocrine
Blood vessels are lacking from
Epithelial tissue and cartilage
A tissue with closely spaced cells and no blood vessels is
Epithelium
In a ___ gland, entire cells break down to form the secretion.
Exocrine
All the material that occurs outside the cells is called ___ material.
Extracellular
A gland can be mucous or serous, but not both.
False
Apoptosis is tissue growth through cell multiplication.
False
As people get older, brown fat constitutes a greater percentage of their body weight.
False
Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are benign forms of skin cancer.
False
In an epithelium, there is no extracellular matrix.
False
Jaundice can result from ingestion of large amounts of dietary carotene.
False
Malignant melanoma is the most deadly and most common form of skin cancer.
False
Most of the space within a cell is filled with interstitial fluid.
False
Oxygen cannot diffuse through the skin.
False
Second-degree burns are painless because the sensory nerve endings are destroyed.
False
The margins of the lips are red because of the high density of blood capillaries in the epidermis.
False
The only type of cell seen in a tendon is
Fibroblasts
The formation of scar tissue is called
Fibrosis
Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a ___.
Follicle
Tissue gel gets its vicious consistency from its
Glycosaminoglycans
___ are single mucus secreting cells found in the epithelia of many mucous membranes.
Goblet cells
All connective tissue consist of cells, fibers, and ___.
Ground substance
Cilia are most likely to be seen on ___ epithelium.
pseudostratified