BIO 165
What is science
A body of knowledge that explains the natural world
Microevolution
A change within a species or closely related species
Taxonomy
A formal system of naming and classifying species
Community
A group of organisms or a population of different species occupying an area, usually interacting with each other
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in science
A hypothesis is an educated guess, a theory has been tested
How is cancer linked with the cell cycle
A mutation causes cancer which is from the cell cycle
What is a gene
A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to an offspring
What is life
Ability to grow, respond, adapt, and reproduce
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate or the energy currency of the cell, source of energy for your body
What are greenhouse gases
Any gas compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere
What are the main groups of living organisms on earth
Bacteria, eukarya, archaea
Why is gene expression important
Because goes encode proteins that dictate cell function
Optimal behavior
Best behavior
5 levels of ecology
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism
What is cancer
Cell divides more frequently
What is a mutation
Change in the structure of a gene
Ecological consequences of climate change
Change of species distribution and abundance, loss of biodiversity, agent of natural selection
What is the difference between DNA, chromosome, and a gene
Chromosomes contain genes and dna contains chromosomes
Ways in which species interact
Competitive, consumer-resource, detritivore-detritus, and mutualistic interactions
Light reactions
Convert solar energy to chemical energy in the thylakoids
Calvin Cycle
Converts CO2 into sugar in the stroma
How is DNA structure linked to its functions
Dan can coil up so that a lot of information can fit into a small place
Ecology
Deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings
Whats good experimental design
Describe all steps clearly and completely, describe all date collected, keep all variables the same except one being tested, include comparison, use appropriate groups
What is the conflict between science and religion
Evolution
Approaches to conservation
Fine-filter, coarse-filter, flagship species, umbrella species
Food chains
From producers to top carnivores
Where does the biomass of a tree come from
From the carbon in the wood
How does inheritance work
Get one chromosomes from mom and one from dad
What is outside the realm of science
Ghosts
Cellular respiration
Glucose molecule is gradually broken down into CO2 and H20, also producing ATP
Population
Group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time
Vertebrate
Has backbone
How do we classify?
Identify traits, primitive and advanced conditions, common ancestors, construct a phylogeny
Ecological footprint
Impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed by the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources
How are respiration and photosynthesis linked
In photosynthesis the plant needs co2 and h2o that are released into the air during respiration. During respiration the plant needs oxygen and glucose, which are produced through photosynthesis
Organism
Individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis
Ecosystem
Interacting organsims and their physical environment
Chordates
Invertebrates and vertebrates
What is DNA structure
It is made up of nucleotides
Why is natural selection the only mechanism of evolution that creates adaptations
Its the only one that changes them biologically
Two stages of photosynthesis
Light-dependent reactions and the calvin cycle. Light dependent reactions absorb energy from sunlight by cholorophyll and convert it to chemical energy in the form of ATP
What are DNA's main functions
Long-term storage of information
What are evolution mechanisms
Mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection
Is adaptive evolution random
No
Invertebrate
No backbone
What is DNA
Nucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar
Main environmental issues
Pollution, global warming, over population, natural resource depletion, climate change, deforestation
Reconciliation ecology approach
Practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action
Adaptive evolution
Produced by natural selection
The big picture
Producers and consumers need each other
Macroevolution
Production of a new species
Conservation biology
Relies on biodiversity, dependent on ecosystem services, emotional ties
Aerobic respiration
Respiration with oxygen
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen
How does science work
Science is a peer review process
What are the main types of genetic diseases
Sickle-cell disease
Describing a population
Size, density, distribution, age, gender
How does inheritance of the main types of genetic diseases work
Some need a mutation on one chromosome, others need two
2 components of community diversity
Species richness and relative abundance
Invasive species
Species that by human influence occurs outside it native range and spreads beyond its initial establishment
What is biology
Study of life
Behavioral ecology
Study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures
How does energy flow in an ecosystem?
Sun-> Producers-> Consumers-> Decomposers-> Producers
Biosphere
Surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth
What is gene expression
The appearance in a phenotype
Photosynthesis occurs in
The chloroplasts
Trophic structure
The feeding relationships between organisms in a community
Whats wrong with the statement "evolution is just a theory"
There is a lot of evidence supporting evolution
Why are prokaryotes important
They include the bacteria
Why don't all siblings look identical to each other
They inherited different phenotypes
How are the main groups of living organisms related to each other
They stem from the same ancestor
What is a chromosome
Threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living things
What does it mean when we say that most human genes are polygenic
Traits controlled by two or more than two genes
What is natural selection
When organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive
What is biological evolution
When organisms change over successive generations
The sanctuary approach
Wildlife refuges, marine protected areas, gene banks, botanical gardens, wildlife farms