BIO 165

What is science

A body of knowledge that explains the natural world

Microevolution

A change within a species or closely related species

Taxonomy

A formal system of naming and classifying species

Community

A group of organisms or a population of different species occupying an area, usually interacting with each other

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in science

A hypothesis is an educated guess, a theory has been tested

How is cancer linked with the cell cycle

A mutation causes cancer which is from the cell cycle

What is a gene

A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to an offspring

What is life

Ability to grow, respond, adapt, and reproduce

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate or the energy currency of the cell, source of energy for your body

What are greenhouse gases

Any gas compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere

What are the main groups of living organisms on earth

Bacteria, eukarya, archaea

Why is gene expression important

Because goes encode proteins that dictate cell function

Optimal behavior

Best behavior

5 levels of ecology

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

What is cancer

Cell divides more frequently

What is a mutation

Change in the structure of a gene

Ecological consequences of climate change

Change of species distribution and abundance, loss of biodiversity, agent of natural selection

What is the difference between DNA, chromosome, and a gene

Chromosomes contain genes and dna contains chromosomes

Ways in which species interact

Competitive, consumer-resource, detritivore-detritus, and mutualistic interactions

Light reactions

Convert solar energy to chemical energy in the thylakoids

Calvin Cycle

Converts CO2 into sugar in the stroma

How is DNA structure linked to its functions

Dan can coil up so that a lot of information can fit into a small place

Ecology

Deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings

Whats good experimental design

Describe all steps clearly and completely, describe all date collected, keep all variables the same except one being tested, include comparison, use appropriate groups

What is the conflict between science and religion

Evolution

Approaches to conservation

Fine-filter, coarse-filter, flagship species, umbrella species

Food chains

From producers to top carnivores

Where does the biomass of a tree come from

From the carbon in the wood

How does inheritance work

Get one chromosomes from mom and one from dad

What is outside the realm of science

Ghosts

Cellular respiration

Glucose molecule is gradually broken down into CO2 and H20, also producing ATP

Population

Group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

Vertebrate

Has backbone

How do we classify?

Identify traits, primitive and advanced conditions, common ancestors, construct a phylogeny

Ecological footprint

Impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed by the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources

How are respiration and photosynthesis linked

In photosynthesis the plant needs co2 and h2o that are released into the air during respiration. During respiration the plant needs oxygen and glucose, which are produced through photosynthesis

Organism

Individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis

Ecosystem

Interacting organsims and their physical environment

Chordates

Invertebrates and vertebrates

What is DNA structure

It is made up of nucleotides

Why is natural selection the only mechanism of evolution that creates adaptations

Its the only one that changes them biologically

Two stages of photosynthesis

Light-dependent reactions and the calvin cycle. Light dependent reactions absorb energy from sunlight by cholorophyll and convert it to chemical energy in the form of ATP

What are DNA's main functions

Long-term storage of information

What are evolution mechanisms

Mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection

Is adaptive evolution random

No

Invertebrate

No backbone

What is DNA

Nucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar

Main environmental issues

Pollution, global warming, over population, natural resource depletion, climate change, deforestation

Reconciliation ecology approach

Practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action

Adaptive evolution

Produced by natural selection

The big picture

Producers and consumers need each other

Macroevolution

Production of a new species

Conservation biology

Relies on biodiversity, dependent on ecosystem services, emotional ties

Aerobic respiration

Respiration with oxygen

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration without oxygen

How does science work

Science is a peer review process

What are the main types of genetic diseases

Sickle-cell disease

Describing a population

Size, density, distribution, age, gender

How does inheritance of the main types of genetic diseases work

Some need a mutation on one chromosome, others need two

2 components of community diversity

Species richness and relative abundance

Invasive species

Species that by human influence occurs outside it native range and spreads beyond its initial establishment

What is biology

Study of life

Behavioral ecology

Study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures

How does energy flow in an ecosystem?

Sun-> Producers-> Consumers-> Decomposers-> Producers

Biosphere

Surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth

What is gene expression

The appearance in a phenotype

Photosynthesis occurs in

The chloroplasts

Trophic structure

The feeding relationships between organisms in a community

Whats wrong with the statement "evolution is just a theory"

There is a lot of evidence supporting evolution

Why are prokaryotes important

They include the bacteria

Why don't all siblings look identical to each other

They inherited different phenotypes

How are the main groups of living organisms related to each other

They stem from the same ancestor

What is a chromosome

Threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living things

What does it mean when we say that most human genes are polygenic

Traits controlled by two or more than two genes

What is natural selection

When organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive

What is biological evolution

When organisms change over successive generations

The sanctuary approach

Wildlife refuges, marine protected areas, gene banks, botanical gardens, wildlife farms