Bio 169 test 3

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest. (1) Dipeptide (2) Protein (3) Amino acid (4) Polypeptide

2, 4, 1, 3

Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?

Elimination of undigested food

Which of the following is an example of an incomplete protein food?

Leafy green vegetables

Which of the following would inhibit normal movements of the tongue?

Lingual frenulum extending to tip of tongue

What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain?

Oxygen

Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true?

The pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes.

Most of the lipids in the body are stored in what form?

Triglycerides

The movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is ______

absorption

Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in

absorption of food.

Proteins that function in immunity include ____

antibodies

Chylomicrons

are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.

Gastrocolic reflexes are reflexes that

cause mass movements of the colon when food is present in the stomach

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the

common bile duct and pancreatic duct.

A food that contains all nine essential amino acids is called a/an _________blank protein

complete

Intrinsic factor

facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.

Inflammation of the gums is called ____

gingivitis

Emulsification

increases surface area for lipid digestion.

Duodenal gland secretion prevents

irritation of the duodenal mucosa by acidic chyme and digestive enzymes.

Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of _____

lipids

Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in

liquefying and digesting the food.

Small droplets of digested lipids surrounded by bile salts are called ______

micelles

Functions of proteins include

providing structural strength in connective tissue.

The gallbladder _____

stores bile

The salivary glands that open into the oral cavity beside the frenulum of the tongue are the _________blank glands

submandibular

About 95% of the lipids in the human diet are _____

triglycerides

Monosaccharides

use a symport process in their absorption.

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

Liver

Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine?

Mastication of food

What is the purpose of segmental contractions of the small intestine?

Mixing of intestinal contents

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with ingested food?

Mucosa

Which is the correct order of the regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior?

Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following structures has both endocrine and exocrine tissue?

Pancreas

Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function?

Parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid

Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?

Pepsin

Which of the following are secreted by the stomach?

Pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

Which of the following events occurs because of the low pH of the stomach?

Proper environment for functioning of pepsin

_____blank is the movement of food through the digestive tract

Propulsion

Which of the following is not associated with the large absorptive surface of the small intestine?

Rugae

Which of the following statements concerning digestion in the stomach is not true?

Salivary amylase will eventually be inactivated in the stomach, halting carbohydrate digestion.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

Segmental contractions

Which of the following is not a function of proteins in the body?

Serving as cofactors for enzymes

Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract?

Stomach

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Store and concentrate bile

Which of the following is a function of the hepatocytes?

Synthesize bile

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?

The jejunum and duodenum

Enzymes that digest carbohydrates include _____

amylase, maltase, and sucrase

Cholesterol

can be manufactured by most tissues

Essential nutrients

cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

The liver

consists of two major lobes and two minor lobes.

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to

convert chyme to feces

Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include ___

disaccharidases

Bile

emulsifies fats in the small intestine.

The process that uses amino acids and glycerol to form glucose is ____

gluconeogenesis

Insulin increases the rate of _________blank transport into cells.

glucose

Excess glucose in animals is stored as _____

glycogen

The formation of glycogen from glucose is called _____

glycogenesis

The oral cavity

has boundaries that include the lips, palate, and cheeks.

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the _____

hepatic portal vein

The villi, microvilli, and plicae circularis function to

increase surface area for absorption

Pepsinogen

is packaged in zymogen granules.

The defecation reflex

is stimulated by distention of the rectum

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains _____

less lipid

Which of the following organs can store glycogen?

liver and muscles

Strong peristaltic contractions in the large intestine are called _____

mass movements

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as _____

metabolism

Where is most protein in the body found?

muscular system

An essential amino acid

must be supplied by the diet

The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is ______

pancreatic juice

The abdominal cavity is lined with _____

parietal peritoneum

The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the _________blank glands

parotid

Which of the following enzymes digests protein?

pepsin

Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of

relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be ___

retroperitoneal

When chyme enters the duodenum, _________blank is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.

secretin

Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the ____

small intestine

Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the _____

small intestine

Segmental contractions are mixing contractions that occur predominantly in the ______

small intestine

The chemical digestion of the disaccharides occurs in the ______

small intestine

Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the ____

soft palate

Complex carbohydrates include

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. (1) Ascending colon (2) Descending colon (3) Sigmoid colon (4) Transverse colon

1, 4, 2, 3

Arrange the following events involving lipids in the correct order. (1) Absorption of lipids 2) Emulsification (3) Micelle formation (4) Digestion of lipids

2, 4, 3, 1

Arrange the following in proper sequence as they occur first in the body. (1) Digestion (2) Elimination (3) Ingestion (4) Absorption

3, 1, 4, 2

The enterogastric reflex can be triggered by

A. distention of the duodenal wall.

Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?

Absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes

How are ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate transported from the intestinal lumen?

Active transport

Functions of the liver include _____

All of the choices are correct

Which of the following is an end product of protein digestion?

Amino acids

What is the function of enteric sensory neurons?

Both "Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents" and "Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall" are correct

The enteric plexus

Both "Helps control movement and secretions of the digestive tract" and "Contains parasympathetic neurons" are correct

What is the main stimulus for bile secretion from the gallbladder?

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Which of the following statements concerning cholecystokinin is correct?

Cholecystokinin stimulates the pancreas to release an enzyme-rich solution.

Celiac disease causes degeneration of the villi of the small intestine. What is a likely effect of this degeneration?

Decrease in absorption due to reduced surface area

What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition?

Epiglottis

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

Esophagus

There is a need for glucose in the body. Which of the following reactions will yield glucose directly?

Glycogenolysis

Where does bile enter the duodenum?

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Which of the following is not a substance found in saliva?

Hydrochloric acid

Which of the following is the correct order for the phases of deglutition?

Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal

Which of the following are macronutrients?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water