Bio 169 test 3
Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest. (1) Dipeptide (2) Protein (3) Amino acid (4) Polypeptide
2, 4, 1, 3
Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
Elimination of undigested food
Which of the following is an example of an incomplete protein food?
Leafy green vegetables
Which of the following would inhibit normal movements of the tongue?
Lingual frenulum extending to tip of tongue
What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true?
The pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes.
Most of the lipids in the body are stored in what form?
Triglycerides
The movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is ______
absorption
Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in
absorption of food.
Proteins that function in immunity include ____
antibodies
Chylomicrons
are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.
Gastrocolic reflexes are reflexes that
cause mass movements of the colon when food is present in the stomach
The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the
common bile duct and pancreatic duct.
A food that contains all nine essential amino acids is called a/an _________blank protein
complete
Intrinsic factor
facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.
Inflammation of the gums is called ____
gingivitis
Emulsification
increases surface area for lipid digestion.
Duodenal gland secretion prevents
irritation of the duodenal mucosa by acidic chyme and digestive enzymes.
Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of _____
lipids
Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in
liquefying and digesting the food.
Small droplets of digested lipids surrounded by bile salts are called ______
micelles
Functions of proteins include
providing structural strength in connective tissue.
The gallbladder _____
stores bile
The salivary glands that open into the oral cavity beside the frenulum of the tongue are the _________blank glands
submandibular
About 95% of the lipids in the human diet are _____
triglycerides
Monosaccharides
use a symport process in their absorption.
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?
Liver
Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine?
Mastication of food
What is the purpose of segmental contractions of the small intestine?
Mixing of intestinal contents
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with ingested food?
Mucosa
Which is the correct order of the regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior?
Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Which of the following structures has both endocrine and exocrine tissue?
Pancreas
Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function?
Parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid
Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?
Pepsin
Which of the following are secreted by the stomach?
Pepsinogen and intrinsic factor
Which of the following events occurs because of the low pH of the stomach?
Proper environment for functioning of pepsin
_____blank is the movement of food through the digestive tract
Propulsion
Which of the following is not associated with the large absorptive surface of the small intestine?
Rugae
Which of the following statements concerning digestion in the stomach is not true?
Salivary amylase will eventually be inactivated in the stomach, halting carbohydrate digestion.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?
Segmental contractions
Which of the following is not a function of proteins in the body?
Serving as cofactors for enzymes
Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract?
Stomach
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store and concentrate bile
Which of the following is a function of the hepatocytes?
Synthesize bile
Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
The jejunum and duodenum
Enzymes that digest carbohydrates include _____
amylase, maltase, and sucrase
Cholesterol
can be manufactured by most tissues
Essential nutrients
cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body
The liver
consists of two major lobes and two minor lobes.
One of the major functions of the large intestine is to
convert chyme to feces
Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include ___
disaccharidases
Bile
emulsifies fats in the small intestine.
The process that uses amino acids and glycerol to form glucose is ____
gluconeogenesis
Insulin increases the rate of _________blank transport into cells.
glucose
Excess glucose in animals is stored as _____
glycogen
The formation of glycogen from glucose is called _____
glycogenesis
The oral cavity
has boundaries that include the lips, palate, and cheeks.
Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the _____
hepatic portal vein
The villi, microvilli, and plicae circularis function to
increase surface area for absorption
Pepsinogen
is packaged in zymogen granules.
The defecation reflex
is stimulated by distention of the rectum
In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains _____
less lipid
Which of the following organs can store glycogen?
liver and muscles
Strong peristaltic contractions in the large intestine are called _____
mass movements
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as _____
metabolism
Where is most protein in the body found?
muscular system
An essential amino acid
must be supplied by the diet
The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is ______
pancreatic juice
The abdominal cavity is lined with _____
parietal peritoneum
The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the _________blank glands
parotid
Which of the following enzymes digests protein?
pepsin
Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of
relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.
Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be ___
retroperitoneal
When chyme enters the duodenum, _________blank is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.
secretin
Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the ____
small intestine
Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the _____
small intestine
Segmental contractions are mixing contractions that occur predominantly in the ______
small intestine
The chemical digestion of the disaccharides occurs in the ______
small intestine
Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the ____
soft palate
Complex carbohydrates include
starch, glycogen, cellulose
Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. (1) Ascending colon (2) Descending colon (3) Sigmoid colon (4) Transverse colon
1, 4, 2, 3
Arrange the following events involving lipids in the correct order. (1) Absorption of lipids 2) Emulsification (3) Micelle formation (4) Digestion of lipids
2, 4, 3, 1
Arrange the following in proper sequence as they occur first in the body. (1) Digestion (2) Elimination (3) Ingestion (4) Absorption
3, 1, 4, 2
The enterogastric reflex can be triggered by
A. distention of the duodenal wall.
Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?
Absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes
How are ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate transported from the intestinal lumen?
Active transport
Functions of the liver include _____
All of the choices are correct
Which of the following is an end product of protein digestion?
Amino acids
What is the function of enteric sensory neurons?
Both "Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents" and "Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall" are correct
The enteric plexus
Both "Helps control movement and secretions of the digestive tract" and "Contains parasympathetic neurons" are correct
What is the main stimulus for bile secretion from the gallbladder?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Which of the following statements concerning cholecystokinin is correct?
Cholecystokinin stimulates the pancreas to release an enzyme-rich solution.
Celiac disease causes degeneration of the villi of the small intestine. What is a likely effect of this degeneration?
Decrease in absorption due to reduced surface area
What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition?
Epiglottis
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract?
Esophagus
There is a need for glucose in the body. Which of the following reactions will yield glucose directly?
Glycogenolysis
Where does bile enter the duodenum?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Which of the following is not a substance found in saliva?
Hydrochloric acid
Which of the following is the correct order for the phases of deglutition?
Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal
Which of the following are macronutrients?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water