Bio 2 Lab Practical #1

Conidia (conidiospores)

"Free" spores, not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac

Edible mushroom

*Label cap, gills, annulus, stalk

Aspergillus

*Label conidia (conidiospores), conidiophores, hyphae

Mycorrhizae

*Label mycorrhizae, root cell

Rhizopus (black bread mold)

*Label sporangium, sporangiophore, rhizoid

Photosynthetic protists

- Green algae (Spirogyra, Volvox) - Brown algae (Laminaria, Fucus) - Diatoms and dinoflagellates

Sporangium

A capsule in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid spores develop

Annulus

A membrane surrounding the stalk where the immature mushroom was attached

Mycelium

A network of filaments called hyphae

Plasmodium

A protist that exists as nonmotile spores that burst from infected blood cells, causes malaria (slime mold)

Trypanosoma

A protist that moves via flagella in the host bloodstream, causes African sleeping sickness

Paramecium

A protist with cilia and two types of nuclei

Zygospore

A thick, black, protective coat forms around the zygotes during sexual reproduction. Meiosis occurs during zygospore germination, and asexual sporangia are produced on sporangiophores

Diatoms

A unicellular photosynthetic alga with a unique glassy cell wall containing silica

Trypanosoma causes __________________.

African sleeping sickness

Penicillium was discovered by ______________________. This discovery changed medicine and was the foundation of modern antibiotics.

Alexander Fleming

Heterotrophic protists

Amoeba, Paramecium, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, and Slime mold

During ______________ reproduction, the daughter colonies escape to produce a new organism.

Asexual

Volvox

Colonial green algae - Contains daughter colonies (circles) and vegetative cells (dots)

Crustose

Crust-like lichen

Types of lichen

Crustose, foliose, fruticose

Spirogyra

Filamentous green algae with spiral chloroplasts

Green algae comes in many forms. One form is _________________ and an example is ___________________. Another form is _________________ and an example is ________________.

Filamentous, Spirogyra Colonial, Volvox

Lichens are an association between a _____________ partner and a _______________.

Fungal partner, cyanobacterium or green alga

Zygospore fungi

Fungi that form a zygote contained in a zygospore. The diploid nucleus of a zygospore undergoes meiosis and spore production occurs in a sporangium (i.e. Rhizopus or black bread mold)

Club fungi

Fungi that produce club-shaped structures (basidia) that contain spores. Composed of septate hyphae and produce fruiting bodies, where many instances of meiosis are occurring. The diploid nucleus undergoes meiosis and spore production occurs in basidia, club-shaped structures (i.e. Edible mushrooms)

Sac fungi

Fungi that store spores in a sac called ascus. They are composed of septate hyphae and produce fruiting bodies, where many instances of meiosis are occurring. The diploid nucleus undergoes meiosis and spore production occurs in asci, structures that are sac shaped (i.e. Saccharomyces or baker's yeast, Penicillium)

Mycorrhizae are an association between a _____________ and the roots of a __________________.

Fungus, land plant

Two examples of brown algae are ____________________ and _____________________.

Laminaria, Fucus

Foliose

Leaf-like lichen

Plasmodium causes ________________.

Malaria

One example of cup fungi (used in high end cooking) is ________________.

Morchella

Fungi are _________________ heterotrophs that send out digestive juices into the environment and then ______________________.

Multicellular, absorb the resulting nutrients

This association is considered a __________________ relationship.

Mutualistic

The spores of a fungi develop directly into a _____________________ which is composed of hyphae.

Mycelium

Gills

On the underside of the cap, radiating lamellae on which the basidia are located

Dinoflagellates are ____________ and have two ______________.

Photosynthetic, flagella

Dinoflagellates

Plant-like protists that have two flagella and cause red tide

Slime mold

Protist with a slime-like amoeboid stage that grows on decaying vegetation and in moist soil

At times in the ocean dinoflagellates cause a condition called "___________." The _____________ given off during this event can cause fish kills and even paralysis in humans who eat shellfish who have fed of these organisms.

Red tide, toxins

Cup fungi

Representative of sac fungi because they produce an ascocarp (fruiting body) in which saclike asci develop (i.e. Aspergillus)

Types of mycelium

Rhizoids, stolons, sporangiophores

Rhizoids

Rootlike hyphae

Brown and red algae are commonly called _____________.

Seaweed

Classification of fungi is based on the means of ___________________.

Sexual reproduction

Fruticose

Shrub-like lichen, miniature trees

Amoeba

Single-celled protist that uses pseudopods to move

Sporangiophores

Specialized hyphae that look like upright stalks and contain sporangia

Pond water contains...

Spirogyra, Diatoms, Trypanosoma

Conidiophores

Spore-producing hyphae of sac fungi

Hyphae

The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi

Fruiting body

The reproductive structure of a fungus that contains many hyphae and produces spores

Cap

The umbrella-shaped structure at the top of a mushroom

Stalk

The upright portion that supports the cap

Diatoms have a cell wall in ________ sections impregnated with ___________, therefore these organisms are said to live in "_______________."

Two, silica, glass houses

Yeast

Unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding

Protozoans

Unicellular, heterotrophic, animal-like protist