Bio 205 Blood
What are the steps in blood clotting?
1)A blood vessel constricts itself to slow down blood flow at the first sign of a rupture. 2)Platelets gather at the site of injury, creating a plug that keeps the blood from leaking further. 3)Endothelial cells lining a blood vessel wall tear, and underlying collagen fibers are exposed and chemically react with platelets, turning them sticky & glue-like at the scene of the injury. 4)Fibrin threads, protein strands that join together to make "mesh" that traps the platelets and blood cells form and attach to the scene of the injury 5)The fibrin threads pull the opposite sides of wound together to close vessel wall so endothelial cells can be replaced. 6)Blood vessel heals over the process of a few days, then the blood clot dissolves. (Unless you have a disorder such as hemophilia)
What is plasma? What is it composed from?
90% of water 7% proteins The last 2% of your plasma membrane is salts/nutrients/wastes/gases -Buffers -Hormones-float around in your blood -Immune system (ex: blood clotting)
What are the four blood types? Which antigens/antibodies are associated with each blood type
A Antigen: A Antibodies: B B Antigen: B Antibodies: A AB (UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT) Antigen: A and B Antibodies: None O (UNIVERSAL DONOR) Antigen: None Antibodies: A and B
Which types of blood can each blood type receive? Which is the universal donor? Which is the universal recipient?
A can receive: A, O B can receive: B, O AB can receive: all O can receive: O O is the universal donor, AB is the universal receiver
What are the various functions of your blood?
Gets rid of waste products Picks and delivers Regulation (homeostasis) Defense
Name the five types of leukocytes, and put them in the appropriate category
Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils Agranulocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes
Name the two different categories of leukocytes?
Granulocytes= with granules Agranulocytes= lack cytoplasmic granules
What does it mean to be Rh positive or Rh negative? Why should pregnant people care?
Her body will react to make antibodies Hemolytic disease of the newborn for 2nd kid
What are the diseases/disorders that are blood related? Can you describe them?
Leukemia- unregulated blood cells, white blood cells can't do their job A group of cancers that usually begin in bone marrow Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)- herpes virus, infects white blood cells middle/ upper class disease Spread by close contact (saliva): kissing, airplanes, classrooms Infects lymphocytes in blood Anemia- decreased number of red blood cells or not enough hemoglobin in each red blood cell Hemophilia- usually inherited, genetic disorder that decreases body's ability to make blood clots
Name functions for each type of leukocyte.
Neutrophils: fight bacterial infection Eosinophils: allergies & parasite infections Basophils: release histamine Monocytes: remove harmful cells Lymphocytes: mostly in lymph, fight foreign invaders
What are the different types of formed elements in blood? Where do they come from?
Red blood cells-when they break down they become formed elements White blood cells-grow and live in your red cells -All formed elements in the blood originate in the red bone marrow
How is carbon dioxide carried in blood?
Your body makes carbon dioxide waste product of cellular respiration
What is hemoglobin? Why is it important?
a protein in your red blood cells that helps you carry your oxygen throughout your body Heme- is supposed to carry 4 oxygens In order to bind to oxygen you have to have iron
What is the Rh factor?
an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If your blood has the protein, you're Rh positive. If your blood lacks the protein, you're Rh negative. Rh positive is the most common blood type