BIO 215 - Chapter 8 Connect Questions

the same sugar and phosphates, but different nitrogenous bases

all DNA nucleotides contain

translation

during which process is mRNA converted into a protein?

excision

mutation can be excised by a series of enzymes that remove the incorrect bases and add the correct ones in a process known as _____ repair

they produce a heterogeneous population that can adapt and evolve

mutations in a population are beneficial when

structural

which kind of gene encodes a protein?

silent mutation

which type of mutation alters the DNA sequence of a gene, but does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein that is encoded by the gene?

back mutation

which type of mutation has occurred when a gene that has undergone mutation reverses back to its original sequence?

frameshift mutation

which type of mutation is generally most harmful to cells?

mutation

a permanent inheritable

semiconservative

during _____ DNA replication, the newly made double helices are composed of one parent template and one newly synthesized strand

guide

in CRISPR, the gene sequence to be altered is specified by a _____ RNA

only a small number of mutations

photoactivation for DNA repair is successful for

true

true or false: a point mutation involves any substitution of a single nucleotide

false

true or false: mutations are always harmful to cells

a permanent inheritable alternation in the DNA sequence or content of a cell

what is a mutation?

serves as a transcript of a gene sequence of template DNA

what is the function of mRNA?

comprises ribosomal subunits

what is the function of rRNA

DNA; RNA

RNA polymerase converts _____ into the various types of _____

ribosome

two subunits of the _____ comprise the site of protein synthesis

replication

DNA _____ must occur prior to cell division to ensure that each new cell has a complete genome

lethal

a mutation that leads to cell dysfunction or death is termed a _____ mutation

nitrogenous base

a nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a(n)

genes

_____ are segments of DNA that contain information for a particular cell function or trait

messenger RNA

_____ is a copy of the DNA template corresponding to a protein-encoding gene

frameshift

a _____ mutation results from an insertion or deletion of nucleotides in multiples of 1 or 2, and always leads to a change in the "reading" or the codons in mRNA

nonsense

a _____ mutation results in early termination of the protein

missense mutation; point mutation

a change in the gene that encodes the lac repressor was detected such that the amino acid alanine was inserted into the polypeptide instead of the amino acid glycine. this mutation can be described by which two of the following?

missense

a change in the genetic code that leads to the insertion of a different amino acid in a protein is called a _____ mutation

3

a codon contains how many nucleotides?

cytosine

according to the rules of complementary base pairing, the nitrogenous base ____ forms hydrogen bonds with guanine

mutagen

an agent that induces changes in DNA is a(n)

mutant

an organism that has a mutation is called a _____ strain

division

ensuring that the DNA code is maintained during DNA replication and cell _____ is one of the essential effects of DNA structure

recombinant

the primary intent of _____ DNA technology is to combine the genetic material from two organisms

termination

the process of transcription _____ results in the release of a completed RNA transcript

horizontal gene transfer

transfer of DNA from a source other than the parent organisms

vertical gene transfer

transfer of DNA from parent organisms during reproduction

in the nucleus

where are the chromosomes of yeast cells located?

metabolomics

which of the following describes the study of small chemicals present in a cell at any given time?

photoactivition

which process repairs DNA that has been damaged by ultraviolet radiation using visible light?

intron

which term identifies a sequence of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that does not code for protein?

rRNA

which type of RNA composes ribosomal subunits together with protein?

rNA

which type of RNA comprises ribosomal subunits?

exons

in eukaryotic genes, introns are interspersed between coding regions called _____, that will be translated into protein

sugar; phosphate

the backbone of an RNA strand is formed by bonding the _____ of one nucleotide to the _____ of another nucleotide

SNPs

the field of pharmacogenomics is a means to correlate a person's genetic background with drug treatments. this field relies on an analysis of