BIO 215 - Chapter 8 Connect Questions
the same sugar and phosphates, but different nitrogenous bases
all DNA nucleotides contain
translation
during which process is mRNA converted into a protein?
excision
mutation can be excised by a series of enzymes that remove the incorrect bases and add the correct ones in a process known as _____ repair
they produce a heterogeneous population that can adapt and evolve
mutations in a population are beneficial when
structural
which kind of gene encodes a protein?
silent mutation
which type of mutation alters the DNA sequence of a gene, but does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein that is encoded by the gene?
back mutation
which type of mutation has occurred when a gene that has undergone mutation reverses back to its original sequence?
frameshift mutation
which type of mutation is generally most harmful to cells?
mutation
a permanent inheritable
semiconservative
during _____ DNA replication, the newly made double helices are composed of one parent template and one newly synthesized strand
guide
in CRISPR, the gene sequence to be altered is specified by a _____ RNA
only a small number of mutations
photoactivation for DNA repair is successful for
true
true or false: a point mutation involves any substitution of a single nucleotide
false
true or false: mutations are always harmful to cells
a permanent inheritable alternation in the DNA sequence or content of a cell
what is a mutation?
serves as a transcript of a gene sequence of template DNA
what is the function of mRNA?
comprises ribosomal subunits
what is the function of rRNA
DNA; RNA
RNA polymerase converts _____ into the various types of _____
ribosome
two subunits of the _____ comprise the site of protein synthesis
replication
DNA _____ must occur prior to cell division to ensure that each new cell has a complete genome
lethal
a mutation that leads to cell dysfunction or death is termed a _____ mutation
nitrogenous base
a nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a(n)
genes
_____ are segments of DNA that contain information for a particular cell function or trait
messenger RNA
_____ is a copy of the DNA template corresponding to a protein-encoding gene
frameshift
a _____ mutation results from an insertion or deletion of nucleotides in multiples of 1 or 2, and always leads to a change in the "reading" or the codons in mRNA
nonsense
a _____ mutation results in early termination of the protein
missense mutation; point mutation
a change in the gene that encodes the lac repressor was detected such that the amino acid alanine was inserted into the polypeptide instead of the amino acid glycine. this mutation can be described by which two of the following?
missense
a change in the genetic code that leads to the insertion of a different amino acid in a protein is called a _____ mutation
3
a codon contains how many nucleotides?
cytosine
according to the rules of complementary base pairing, the nitrogenous base ____ forms hydrogen bonds with guanine
mutagen
an agent that induces changes in DNA is a(n)
mutant
an organism that has a mutation is called a _____ strain
division
ensuring that the DNA code is maintained during DNA replication and cell _____ is one of the essential effects of DNA structure
recombinant
the primary intent of _____ DNA technology is to combine the genetic material from two organisms
termination
the process of transcription _____ results in the release of a completed RNA transcript
horizontal gene transfer
transfer of DNA from a source other than the parent organisms
vertical gene transfer
transfer of DNA from parent organisms during reproduction
in the nucleus
where are the chromosomes of yeast cells located?
metabolomics
which of the following describes the study of small chemicals present in a cell at any given time?
photoactivition
which process repairs DNA that has been damaged by ultraviolet radiation using visible light?
intron
which term identifies a sequence of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that does not code for protein?
rRNA
which type of RNA composes ribosomal subunits together with protein?
rNA
which type of RNA comprises ribosomal subunits?
exons
in eukaryotic genes, introns are interspersed between coding regions called _____, that will be translated into protein
sugar; phosphate
the backbone of an RNA strand is formed by bonding the _____ of one nucleotide to the _____ of another nucleotide
SNPs
the field of pharmacogenomics is a means to correlate a person's genetic background with drug treatments. this field relies on an analysis of