Bio 22-24

Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection?

1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals. 2. A change occurs in the environment. 3. Genetic frequencies within the population change. 4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. 2-4-1-3

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?

All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.

Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of Natural Selection in a population over time?

All variation among individuals is due to environmental factors

Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?

Bones in the flipper of the whale

Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals?

Homologous; analogous

Natural selection is based on all the following except

Individuals adapt to their environment and thereby, evolve

Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus?

Populations tend to normally increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows

Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree?

Relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns.

Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar fashion to perform the same function. Which information would best help distinguish between an explanation based on homology versus one based on convergent evolution?

The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical.

What is true of pseudogenes?

they are vestigial genes