BIO 230 Final Exam 1/2

you have 23 pairs of chromosomes in your somatic cells. each homologous pair is comprised of one chromosome from your mother and one from your father. what are the chances of making a gamete in which all of the chromosomes are from your father?

(1/2)^23

a couple has one child. three years later they are expecting another. what are the chances the second child will be genetically indentical to the first child?

(1/2)^46

a young man with colon cancer was found to have sporadic mutation in a colon cell. what are the chances he will pass this mutated allele to his child?

.09%

if a mutagen such as aflatoxin reacts with DNA in a cell to form a single DNA adduct, after four cell divisions, how many of the resulting cells are likely to have the DNA adduct?

1

"DNA turns into RNA and then RNA polymerase builds proteins"

DISAGREE DNA is unchanged in the process of transcription to build a new RNA molecule DNA codes for RNA, does not turn into RNA RNA polymerase used to transcribe RNA but cant build proteins

"the diagram below accurately depicts the structure of water molecules and how they interact with one another"

DISAGREE H atoms should have a positive charge and O atoms should have a negative charge oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen

" cancers start with just a single mutation. it doesnt matter what kind of cancer it is- a single mutation is all it ever takes"

DISAGREE requires at least 2 mutations a loss of function mutation in a tumor suppressor a gain of function mutation in a proto-oncogene

"the vast majority of cells in your body are able to divide"

DISAGREE vast majority of cells are specialized cells and cant undergo mitosis

there is a gene located on chromosome 17 in humans for which four different alleles have been identified. the maximum number of alleles a single normal individual can have is

2

a liver cell has an aflatoxin DNA adduct. after this cell divides twice- resulting in 4 cells, how many of the cells will have a mutation in the DNA sequence?

2 cells

which of the following represents an example of a single point mutation in the DNA template sequence highlighted in bold below? 3' AGC TAC CAT GGG AGC ATT -5'

3' CGC TAC CAT GGG AGC ATT -5'

which of a, b, c, or d represents an example of a mutation that has caused a frame-shift mutation in the DNA template sequence in bold below? 3' - AGC TAC CAT GGG AGC ATT -5'

3'- AGC TAC ATG GGA GCA ATG -5'

the percentage of guanine in a chromosome is 15%. what percentage of the chromosome is composed of thymine?

35%

fish picture genotypes what do you think the genotype of the PARENT fish with horizontal stripes?

Bb has at least one copy of b

in the diagram of the nucleic acids below, where are you most likely going to see a hydrogen bond between molecules?

at location C in the diagram, between molecules Z and Z'

fish picture genotypes what do you think the genotype of the PARENT fish with vertical stripes?

bb has two copies of the bb allele

fish picture genotypes what do you think the genotype of the KID fish with vertical stripes?

bb it must have one copy of the b allele from each parent since it is recessive

which of the following statements about getting from a GENE to a TRAIT is most biologically accurate?

RNA polymerase produces RNA molecules during transcription

you are trying t genetically engineer dairy cow that will be less likely to get cancer. which of the following alterations to the cows genome is most likely to accomplish this task?

gain of function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene

construct a mini concept map of all the terms

gene v>rna polymerse transcription v rna v>ribsome translation v protein v trait

in your body, you have haploid cells in your

gonads

the familiar X-shaped chromosome represents?

how DNA in eukaryotic cells look once it is replicated and the cell is about to divide

a base substitution mutation in a gene sometimes has no effect on the protein the gene codes for. which of the following factors could account for this?

some amino acids have more than one codon

your fingernails and hair are made from a family of proteins called keratin. in which cells would you find the keratin genes?

you would find genes for keratin in every cell of your body

which of the following are ordered correctly from smallest to largest?

water molecule, glucose, RNA polymerase, virus, mitochondrion

a slot machine has 10 slots. each slot has 4 different fruits on the spinner (apple, pear, cherry, grape) what are the odds of getting a cherry in BOTH the first AND the second slots?

1/16

if you have a child, what is the probability that the child will inherit the copy of chromosome 5 that you got from your biological father? assume no crossing over.

1/2

"during mitosis, DNA is copied once to produce two diploid cells. during meiosis, DNA is copied once to produce four haploid cells"

AGREE mitosis = dna is copied once meiosis = four haploid cells are produced

which of the following correctly summarizes Central Dogma?

DNA is used as a template for synthesizing mRNA which is used as a template for synthesizing protein

U ABC IT

Use evidence Ask questions Be skeptical Cultivate wonder Identify confusion Think like a biologist

which statement best describes the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?

a chromosome contains hundreds or thousands of genes, which are composed of DNA

a phospholipid consists of which of the following?

a hydroPHOBIC TAIL and a hydroPHILIC HEAD

what is a nonsense mutation?

a point mutation or frameshift mutation that introduces a stop codon early in the gene and prematurely terminates translation of the protein

what is a hydrogen bond?

a weak electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom that is covalently bound to a more electronegative atom and an atom with a negative charge

if a couple with the following genotypes and phenotypes had 100 children, roughly how many children would have sickle cell disease?

about 50

which of the following have or has been implicated as causes of mutations linked to cancers?

all of the above

if you wanted to make a protein, which of the following should you use?

amino acids

which of the following is NOT itself a polymer

an amino acid

where would you find the genes that code for the enzymes that produce melanin? melanin is a brown pigment

in the nuclei of every cell in your body

core concepts of biology

information flow structure and function transformation of energy and matter systems evolution

what does a loss of function mutation do?

it alters the structure of the protein in some way as well as what the protein is capable of doing

which of the following functions are preformed by RNA polymerase?

it breaks hydrogen bonds between paired nucleotides and transcribes DNA

which of the following functions is preformed by RNA polymerase?

it synthesizes mRNA using a DNA template

what effect would a loss of function mutation in the RNA polymerase gene have on the process of protein synthesis?

it would prevent the synthesis of pre-mRNA, RNA and proteins

suppose that you have two sheep of the opposite sex. both are homozygous. one has a black coat, and the other has a white coat, but you dont know which is the recessive trait. which of the following investigations would reveal the dominant coat color?

mate them together and see what coat color of the offspring have- that will be the dominant coat coolor

pea plants can have purple flowers or white flowers. if a pea plant has white flowers, its genotype can be

only rr

in order, what do X, Y and Z label in the nucleic acid diagram below?

phosphate, sugar, and a nucleotide

which of the following statements is most accurate?

polar molecules tend to be hydrophilic

two sets of genetically identical twins marry. what are the chances of these two children being genetically identical?

really small

mRNA sequence translation

replace A with U

what are telomeres?

they are the sequence of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that protect the chromosome from damage