BIO 240 final exam

The RDA for protein in g/kg of body weight/day

0.8

How many phase are involved in the Dukan diet? 2 5 4 3

4

Number of calories in one gram of carbohydrate and protein

4

Number of calories in one gram of fat

9

The greatest contribution to TEE comes from what?

BMR

Rickets results as a deficiency of this vitamin

D

The presence of this lipoprotein (a cholesterol transporter) is associated with a reduction in heart disease risk

HDL

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues? a. LDL b. HDL c. Insoluble fiber d. Insulin

HDL

This vitamin is important for blood clotting

K

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water

Which of the following substances is a macronutrient? a. Protein b. Vitamin C c. Calcium d. Sodium

a

Which vitamin is not a true vitamin due to its ability to be attained through non-dietary sources? Select one: a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin B12 d. Vitamin A

a

What are some diets implemented in hospitals? Normal/Regular Full Liquid Low Fiber All of the above

all of the above

Which of the following are considered to be functions of lipids in the body? Select one: a. Energy source b. Protection of vital organs c. Means of absorption for certain vitamins d. Temperature regulation e. All of the above

all of the above

Basic building block of protein

amino acid

How long can food sit at room temperature before it must be thrown out or refrigerated? a. 1 hour b. 2 hours c. 3 hours d. 4 hours

b

Which macronutrient is important for maintaining intravascular fluid balance? Select one: a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Fats d. Minerals

b

The end products of digestion for carbohydrates, protein, and fat, include what, respectively? Select one: a. Polysaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids b. Fatty acids, amino acids, monosaccharides c. Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids d. Fiber, unsaturated fat, enzymes

c

The most common eating disorder is a. ARFID b. Bulimia c. Binge-eating d. Anorexia

c

The process of digesting food begins in the a. colon b. liver c. mouth d. esophagus

c

Water is Select one: a. Found in cells only b. Not needed as much as food c. The largest constituent of the body d. Less than half of our body weight

c

Bile is made in the liver from _______. The bile is then stored in the _______ until needed. a. cholesterol; gallbladder b. cholesterol; duodenum c. lecithin; gallbladder d. lecithin; duodenum

cholesterol; gallbladder

Commodity Supplemental Food Program provides nutritious foods to: a) Infants b) Adults c) High Schoolers d) Elderly

d

Which of the following describe a conditionally essential nutrient? a.A nutrient that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions. b.A nutrient that may be made in the body, but in amounts that are inadequate. c.A nutrient that becomes essential due to a metabolic disorder or serious disease (e.g. kidney or liver disease). d.All of the choices are correct.

d

What is the best way to assess water balance?

daily weight

Which is NOT a benefit of caffeine? improves memory improves work output decreases metabolic rate generally good for muscles

decreases metabolic rate

Dietary supplements are regulated by the FDA. Select one: True False

false

Direct calorimetry measures a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Select one: True False

false

Fiber is easily digested by the human body.

false

Fiber is non-digestible by humans because it contains a branched chain. Comparatively, starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched. Select one: True False

false

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells

A sensation that results from lack of food, characterized by a dull or acute pain around the lower part of the chest

hunger

Process of converting an unsaturated fat to a saturated fatty acid by replacing the double bonds with hydrogen

hydrogenation

This part of the brain is involved in thirst regulation.

hypothalamus

A food item that does not contain all of the essential amino acids

incomplete protein

Deficiency of this mineral can lead to development of a goiter

iodine

The descriptive name for fats of all kinds is Select one: a. Complete b. Essential c. Lipids d. Saturated

lipids

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of this type of carbohydrate

monosaccharide

Where does chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin? Select one: a. Oral cavity b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine

oral cavity

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid? a. Polysaccharides b. Triglycerides c. Phospholipids d. Sterols

polysaccharides

A macronutrient made of C, H, O, and N. The body's only source of nitrogen.

protein

A macronutrient that is primarily responsible for the building and repair of muscle and tissue

protein

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(n)________ fatty acid. a. polyunsaturated b. monounsaturated c. saturated d. essential

saturated

Which type of fat structurally contains no double bonds between the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain? Select one: a. Unsaturated fat b. Polyunsaturated fat c. Saturated fat d. Trans fat

saturated

Type of fat that contains no double-bonds, solid at room temperature, and comes from animal sources

saturated fat

Hyponatremia occurs due to low concentrations of this mineral in the blood

sodium

Which is a common source of caffeine? soft drinks smoothies water bananas

soft drinks

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?

soluble fiber

Which of the following factors makes carbohydrates an important nutrient? Select one: a. They are inexpensive b. They provide muscle growth c. They are a super nutrient d. They can be stored and are broken down into energy more easily than other nutrients

they can e stored and are broken down into energy more easily than other nutrients

Why do manufacturers use hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated fats in their products? Select one: a. They increase shelf life and stability b. They improve the look and presentation of the product c. They increase the amount of oxidation d. They decrease the product's caloric content

they increase shelf life and stability

Hospital Diets are personalized for each patients needs.

true

Post-menopausal women can have a loss of bone density due to caffeine.

true

Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats, which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories.

true

The consumption raw foods aid in digestion due to the presence of high levels of fiber.

true

The difference between one triglyceride and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol. Select one: True False

true

Use of certain medications may increase an individual's nutrient needs. Select one: True False

true

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body

water-soluble

A strong desire for food or a pleasant sensation

appetite

Which of the following would be a good source of insoluble fiber? Apple skin b. Whole milk c. Green peas d. Banana

apple skin

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a healthy eating pattern includes foods ________. a. from all six food groups, including oils and saturated fats b. from all five food groups and oils but limits saturated fats, added sugars and sodium c. high in saturated fat, sodium, and added sugars d. and beverages that are energy-dense

b

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugar intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories. a. 5 b. 10 c. 25 d. 30

b

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories. a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 30

b

All of the following are symptoms of pellagra except Select one: a. Dermatitis b. Delirium c. Diarrhea d. Dementia

b

Deficiency of this vitamin leads to a condition called pellagra. Select one: a. Thiamin b. Niacin c. Vitamin C d. Riboflavin

b

Dietary recommendations for _______ were not addressed in the guidelines prior to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. a.children and adolescents, 2-18 years of age b. infants, birth through 24 months c.adults, 18+ years of age

b

Each of the following can be metabolized for energy by human cells except _______. a. proteins b. vitamins c. lipids d. carbohydrates

b

Which of the following is NOT a reason dietary recommendations undergo revisions? a.Researchers continue to explore the complex relationships between diet and health. b.Nutrition is an exact science. c.Nutrition research involves human subjects. d.New scientific evidence becomes available and the information is reviewed and accepted by nutrition experts.

b

Which of the following is not a goal of the Fruits and Vegetable Program? a) Increase acceptance of produce to children. b) Contribute to the wellness, healthy growth, and development of young children and adults in the U.S c) Encourage healthier school environments by promoting nutrition. d) Decline child obesity

b

Which of the following persons is most likely in a state of positive energy balance? a. A 22-year-old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight b. A 25-year old woman who is in her 6th month of pregnancy c. A 29-year-old woman who has maintained her weight for 6 months d. An 89-year old man who spends most of his day in a wheelchair or bed

b

Which of the following statements is true? a.Scientists don't play a role in the development of the DRIs. b.The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake. c.Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people. d. Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person's age or sex.

b

Who announced that they are making changes to its school nutrition standards for the 2022-2023 school year, seeking to reinstate health goals that were rolled back during the Trump administration? The Biden Administration Michelle Obama The Department of Agriculture The CDC

biden

The liver uses cholesterol to make ___________. a. vitamin A b. bile c. water d. fatty acids

bile

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? a. Liver b. Brain c. Pancreas d. Gallbladder

brain

An essential nutrient _______. a. is found only in fortified foods b.is found only in foods from animal sources c.must be supplied by the diet d. provides energy (kcals) to the diet

c

DRI stands for: Select one: a. Dietary Revenue Inventory b. Daily Reference Intake c. Dietary Reference Intake d. Daily Regular Intake

c

During the digestion and processing of foods, which type of vitamins are retained? Select one: a. B-complex vitamins only b. Water-soluble vitamins c. Fat-soluble vitamins d. Preformed vitamins

c

The ________ is often used to predict basal calorie needs in persons who have excess body fat. a. Obese RMR equation b. Harris-Benedict equation c. Mifflin-St. Jeor equation d. Adiposity Impact equation

c

What is the most common pathogen contributing to foodborne illness in the U.S.? a. Salmonella nontyphoida b. Campylobacter c. Norovirus d. Clostridium perfringens

c

Which mineral helped iodine deficiencies become uncommon in North America? Select one: a. Copper b. Selenium c. Sodium d. Calcium

c

Which of the following persons is most likely in a state of negative energy balance? a. A 23-year-old man who lifts weights every other day and has a BMI of 24 b. A 29-year-old woman who has maintained her weight for 6 months c. A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight d. A 5-year-old girl who is healthy and physically active

c

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a.A megadose ofvitamin C is within the range of safe intake for the nutrient. b.Peanut butter isan empty-calorie food. c.Most foods aremixtures of nutrients. d. A healthy diet supplies 90% of its calories from protein-rich foods.

c

Fat-like waxy structure found in blood and body tissue; excess amounts can contribute to heart disease

cholesterol

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT _________. a. help in the production of steroid hormones b. stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals c. cushioning of the body against bumps and blows d. serving as an energy source

come back

A primary function of the digestive system is the a. production of red blood cells b. transmission of nervous impulses c. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products d. breakdown of food into nutrients

d

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _______. a.87 kcals b.97 kcals c.107 kcals d.117 kcals

d

Which of the following alcohol-containing beverages contains approximately the same amount of alcohol that is in two 12-ounce bottles of beer? a. 10 oz of red wine b. 5 oz of whiskey c. 3 oz of white wine d. 1 oz of vodka

d

A state of decreased total body fluid categorized as mild, moderate, and severe

dehydration

Which quality is considered a downfall of caffeine? increases metabolic rate can cause dehydration generally bad for muscles interferes with work output

dehydration

Which of the following vitamins can be classified as water-soluble? Select one: a. Niacin b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin C d. Thiamin e. All of the above

e

Which substance forms the hard part of bones and teeth? Select one: a. Potassium b. Fluoride c. Phosphorus d. Calcium e. Both C and D

e

The monosaccharide most commonly found in fruit

fructose

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? a. Starch b. Fiber c. Fructose d. Glycogen

fructose

The storage form of glucose; found in skeletal muscle and the liver.

glycogen

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as a. glycogen b. ketone bodies c. certain B vitamins d. fiber

glycogen

: T/F only 4% of states require that fruits and vegetables be available to students when food is offered or sold

true

: T/F, Before the rule change in 2018 by the Trump Administration, only fat-free flavored milk was permitted

true

A nutrient requirement is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health. Select one: True False

true

A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol, which acts as a backbone for their attachment. Select one: True False

true

Excess caffeine is excreted by the kidneys through urine

true

Person who consumes plant-based diet and does not consume meat or poultry

vegetarian

This vitamin plays a strong role in vision

A

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the ________. a. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population b. range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency c. minimum amount of a nutrient that is safe to consume and cures the nutrient's deficiency disease d. percentage of a nutrient standard that is used for food labeling purposes

a

Which of the following can be metabolized for energy by human cells? a. Alcohol b. Minerals c. Water d. Vitamins

a

Nasogastric tubes are best defined as a tube inserted... a.) Through the mouth into the stomach b.) Through the nose into the stomach c.) Directly to the jejunum d.) Directly to the stomach

b

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a small amount of _________ to be digested in the mouth. a. fat b. starch c. vitamin D d. protein

b

Which category of minerals is associated with maintaining water balance, osmotic equilibrium, acid-base balance, and intracellular/extracellular differential? Select one: a. Major minerals b. Electrolytes c. Trace minerals d. Essential minerals

b

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs? a. Age b. Ethnicity c. Sex d. Health status

b

Which of the following is NOT a factor that may affect REE? a. genetics b. daily exercise c.body size d. body composition

b

Which temperature range indicates the "danger zone?" a. 32 degrees to 132 degrees b. 40 degrees to 140 degrees c. 40 degrees to 165 degrees d. 32 degrees to 165 degrees

b

Essential amino acids are those Select one: a. Available from grains b. Essential to a healthy heart c. Manufactured by the body because they are essential to life d. Unable to be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body

d

Which vitamin is essential to the absorption of calcium? Select one: a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D

d

Broad term for defining a nutrient that can supply energy to the body

macronutrient

Broad term defining a nutrient that is needed in small quantities for normal growth and development and includes vitamins and minerals

micronutrient

Besides their ability to dissolve in water, which of the following is another common trait of water-soluble vitamins? Select one: a. Unable to be stored b. Characterized as quasi-vitamins c. High risk of toxicity d. Antioxidant properties

a

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance. a. positive b. activated c. inverted d. negative

a

Which of the following statements is true? a. Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. b. In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. c. Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. d. Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.

a

Studying nutrition is important to _______. a. obtain enough energy to sustain life b. learn about the nutritional value of foods and effects diet can have on health c. reduce dependence on animal food products d. avoid pesticides and hormones in the food supply

b

The Dietary Guidelines are updated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture about every ________ years. a. 2 b. 5 c. 8 d. 10

b

Which statement explains the nature of minerals? Select one: a. They are organic substances needed by the body as sources of energy and for metabolism. b. They are coenzymes that aid vitamins in the process of energy maintenance and metabolism. c. They are inorganic substances that become part of the body and are essential to good health. d. They are regulators of the enzymatic system that help support metabolic processes.

c

Which statement explains the nature of vitamins? Select one: a. Vitamins are inorganic substances needed by the body as sources of energy and for metabolism b. Vitamins are coenzymes that aid proteins in the process of energy maintenance and metabolism c. Vitamins are organic substances needed by the body for metabolism, growth, support, and maintenance d. Vitamins serve as regulators or adjusters of the enzymatic system that helps support fats and CHOs.

c

Which of the following statements is true? a. The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. b. Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. c. An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man. d. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.

d

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? a. Carbohydrate b. Fat c. Protein d. Vitamin D

d

Which of the following topics is one of the four overarching guidelines of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. Increase your intake of fresh fruits and vegetables b. Eat only sustainably-grown produce c. Incorporate whole grains into half of your meals d. Focus on meeting food group needs withnutrient-dense foods and beverages, and stay within calorie limits

d

Who is the most at risk for complications of foodborne illness? a. An 8-month old infant b. An 86-year-old female living at home c. A 35-year-old undergoing chemotherapy d. All of the above

d

Binge-eating is just another term for someone who really enjoys food a. True or False

false

Glycemic load is the ratio of blood glucose response of a given food versus a standard, like white bread. Glycemic index takes portion sizing into account.

false

Lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and amino acids. Select one: True False

false

Michelle obama created the lets move campaign to get kids to exercise for 30 minutes

false

Only registered dieticians can order diets for patients within a hospital

false

Peristalsis is a voluntary response. Select one: True False

false

The only reason people have eating disorders is because they don't like how they look. a. True or False

false

To optimize sports performance, sugar is prioritized on the Vertical Diet.

false

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

fat soluble

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is correct?

fiber is the portion of plants the human body cannot digest

Chronic deficiency of this mineral can lead to a condition called anemia

iron

One of the three accessory organs involved in digestion

liver

Question 1: From 1980 until 2010 childhood obesity? Doubled Tripled Quadrupled Stayed the same

tripled

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid ____________. a. has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond b. contains no double bonds c. has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight d. is comprised of glucose molecules

a

Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of _______. a. fruits b. sugary beverages c. red meats d. refined grain products

a

The weather over the winter was colder than usual, with typical days in the subzero temperature range and snow and ice common. Because of this, Drea was often cold and shivering when walking between classes. Shivering is an example of _______. a. NEAT b. physical activity c. basal metabolism d. the thermic effect of food

a

What is Wisconsin's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program called? a) FoodShare b) Food stamps c) Free food d) Good eats

a

Which disease process is caused by a deficiency of fluoride? Select one: a. Dental carries b. Goiter c. Cardiomyopathy d. Anemia

a

Which of the following statements about fluid balance and distribution in the body is correct? Select one: a. About 80% of water needs come from fluid and 20% from foods. b. About 50% of plasma is water and the other 50% blood products. c. About 46% of water in the bodies of adults is intracellular. d. About 40% of all transcellular fluid is secreted in the vascular system.

a

Which of the following statements is true? a. Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients. b. Skin rashes are always a symptom of vitamin deficiency diseases. c. Headaches are a common sign of a mineral deficiency disease. d. Most phytochemicals are classified as essential nutrients.

a

Low FODMAP foods are . . . A Foods that are low in vitamins and minerals and should be avoided. B Foods that are low in certain carbohydrates, allowing for easier digestion. C Foods that are low in sugar and can improve blood sugar. D Foods that are low in carbohydrates and fats and can help with muscle protein synthesis.

B

The alimentary canal starts at the ______________ and ends at the ______________. Select one: a. Esophagus; small intestine b. Oral cavity; anus c. Oral cavity; rectum d. Pylorus; anus

b

The eating disorder with the highest mortality rate is: a. Bulimia b. Anorexia c. Binge-eating d. ARFID

b

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR. a.50 to 100 mg b.a "margin ofsafety" amount c.an AI amount d. the % DV amount

b

When an individual maintains a stable body weight, the body is in energy balance. What term explains this phenomenon? a. consumption b. homeostasis c. Thermogenesis d. regulation

b

Which of the following statements is true? a.Nutrition Facts labels provide information about amounts of ingredients in product recipes. b.Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. c. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional-deficiency disorders. d. The Nutrition Facts panel displays the amount of phytochemicals in a serving of the food.

b

Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is associated with a.) functional decline b.) prolonged hospital stays c.) high mortality d.) all of the above

d

Symptoms of bulimia include all of the following except: a. Chronically inflamed throat b. Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw c. Acid reflux disorder d. All of these are symptoms

d

The Hepatic Portal Vein is the main vessel involved in nutrient transport after digestion. It carries nutrients from the _____________ to the ________________. Select one: a.Stomach; small intestine b. Small intestine; kidneys c. Liver; small intestine d. Small intestine; liver

d

The National School Lunch Program provides reduced or free lunches to: a) Public Schools b) Non Profit Private Schools c) Residential Childcare Institutions d) All the above

d

The unique function of protein in the human body is to Select one: a. Aid in digestion and absorption of fats b. Modify the passage time to excretion of selected medications c. Provide energy d. Serve as building materials for tissue repair

d

What do the letters of NEAT stand for? a. Normal energy for active thermogenesis b. Normal exercise for activity training c. No expenditure for activities timed d. Nonexercise activity thermogenesis

d

What temperature must poultry reach before being served? a. 140 degrees F b. 145 degrees F c. 155 degrees F d. 165 degrees F

d

Which of the following are functions of water in the body? Select one: a. Maintain blood volume b. Regulate body temperature c. Nutrient absorption d. All of the above

d

Which of the following factors influences the metabolism of alcohol in the human body? a. Age b. Body size and composition c. Prior drinking history d. All of these choices are correct

d

A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents _______. a. nutrient-deficiency disorders b. storage of minerals in bone c. storage of fat-soluble vitamins in body fat d. saturation of cells with nutrients

a

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, fructose

Energy for the body cells is provided by Select one: a. Fructose b. Glucose c. Galactose d. Sucrose

glucose

Nervous system cells burn mostly ________ for energy. a. glucose b. fructose c. lactose d. fiber

glucose

Which of the following statements is true? a.Nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients. b.People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement. c.People who consume 90% of the RDA for iron regularly are likely to develop an iron deficiency. d.People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder.

b

A/an __________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions. a. conditionally essential b. essential c. dispensable d. indispensable

a

According to the MyPlate guidelines, fruits and vegetables should account for about ________ of the food on a person's plate. a.one-half b.one-third c.one-quarter d.two-thirds

a

All proteins are composed of Select one: a. Amino acids b. Hormones c. Antibodies d. Enzymes

a

The enzyme ________ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose. a. maltase b. sucrase c. amylase d. lipase

a

The functions of vitamins are specific. Based on this information, which statement is incorrect? Select one: a. "Vitamin C prevents scurvy, which affects bones. Vitamin D does, too, so it's okay to take vitamin D if my vitamin C intake is too low." b. "The B vitamins, along with vitamin C and biotin, are all water-soluble vitamins that I can take and dissolve in water." c. "I could die if I take too much vitamin A or vitamin D, because those are fat-soluble vitamins that have varying lengths of absorption in the gut." d. "Even though vitamins E and K are fat-soluble, they have different functions, and I cannot substitute one for another."

a

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. a. villi b. arteries c. neurons d. veins

a

Which of the following best describes an essential amino acid? Select one: a. An amino acid that must be consumed in the diet b. An amino acid that is used to form a low-quality protein c. An amino acid that limits protein synthesis d. An amino acid that can be made by the body from other substances

a

Which of the following factors decreases a person's basal metabolic rate (BMR)? a. Aging b. Having a greater surface area (being tall) c. Stress d. Postexercise recovery

a

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of complete protein? a. Low-fat milk b. Soybean oil c. Avocado d. Sesame seed crackers

a

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? a.Leafy greens b.French fries c.Grape soda d.Refined grains

a

Which of the following is NOT considered a major function of proteins in the human body? a. Synthesis and storage of muscle glycogen b. Synthesis of clotting compounds in blood c. Synthesis of certain hormones d. As enzymes to speed chemical reactions

a

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract? a. Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth b. Salivary amylase breaking down starch in the mouth c. Pancreatic lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine d. Gastrin stimulating HCl production in the stomach

a

Which of the following is not a complete protein? Select one: a. Baked beans b. Beef liver c. Cottage cheese d. Pork steak

a

Which of the following statements is true? a. Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food. b. In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death. c. A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type and birth order. d. Most people are born with the ability to choose a nutritious diet.

b

Which of the following is not a function of fat in the body? Select one: a. Build scar tissue b. Lubricate body tissues c. Pad vital organs d. Provide energy

build scar tissue

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy adults should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ________ mg/day. a.300 b.1000 c.2300 d.4300

c

A macronutrient made of C, H, and O which is the body's preferred source of energy

carbohydrate

Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept? a. Malnutrition includes overnutrition as well as undernutrition. b. Foods and the nutrients they contain are one of many components of health. c. Variety, moderation, and balance can help ensure a diet's nutritional adequacy. d. The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.

d

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true? a. Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries. b. Kwashiorkor often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child. c. Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy, but insufficient high-quality protein. d. All of these choices are correct.

d

Which of the following topics is one of the four overarching guidelines of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. Use Nutrition Facts panels to make wise choices b. Avoid empty-calorie foods c. Eat more sodium-rich foods d. Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage

d