Business and Organizational Management
_____ involves employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable
adaptive task performance
Which of the following supply the primary means of transmitting an organization's culture to its workforce?
artifact
_____ represent the deepest and least observable part of a culture
basic underlying assumptions
________ are the take-for-granted beliefs and philosophies that are so ingrained that employees simply act on them rather than questioning the validity of their behavior in a given situation
basic underlying assumptions
_________ reflects where decisions are formally made in organizations
centralization
Formal events that are generally performed in front of an audience of organizational members are known as
ceremonies
Which element of the organization structure signifies formal authority relationships?
chain of command
_____ is defined as voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded by that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place.
citizenship behavior
Organizations with friendly employees who all think alike are ______ cultures
communal
manufacturing and medical companies have a tendency to create which of the following specific culture types?
creativities culture
MicroTrac allows its engineers to spend 20 percent of their working time pursuing projects that they are passionate about to encourage innovation at the organization. this describes which of the following specific cultures?
creativity
the shared social knowledge within an organization regarding the rules, norms, and values that shape the attitudes and behaviors of its employees refers to organizational _________
culture
A high level of _______ exists when employees definitely agree about the way things are supposed to happen within the organization and when their subsequent behaviors are consistent with those expectations.
culture strength
Organizations that have successfully created a __________ culture have been shown to change employee attitudes and behaviors toward customers
customer service culture
Walker International has recently published its vision statement. this is an example of:
espoused value
the three major components to any organizational culture are:
espoused value, basic underlying assumptions, observable artifacts
Which of the following are the beliefs, philosophies, and norms that a company explicitly states
espoused values
Which of the following refers to the degree to which rules and procedures are used to standardize behaviors and decisions in an organization?
formalization
At NoFills Crop, employees are distant and disconnected from one another. Based on this, the organization culture at NoFrills can be described as:
fragmented culture
which of the following is a necessary coordination mechanism that organizations rely on, to get a standardized product or deliver a standardized service?
high levels of formalization
Citizenship behaviors can be divided into two main categories:
interpersonal, organizational
The value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment is known as
job performance
_______ reflects the jargon, slang, and slogans used within the walls of an organization
language
the structure that organic organizations rely on
low levels of formalization
A ______ span of control creates a ________ organizational structure
narrow, tall
What is a disadvantage of a strong culture?
no expansion or challenge for a new way
the published mission statement at Dunlop Inc., is an example of
observable
The physical layout of work spaces, dress codes, and the level of technology used are all examples of _____ that are represented by the organization's culture.
observable artifacts
_______ are the manifestations of an organizational culture that everyone can see or talk about
observable artifacts
_________ organizations are flexible, adaptive, outward-focused organizations that thrive in dynamic environments
organic organizations
_________ represents every job in the organization and the formal reporting relationships between those jobs.
organizational chart
_________ formally dictates how jobs and tasks are divided and coordinated between individuals and groups within the company.
organizational structure
Span of control:
represents how many employees each manager in the organization has responsibility for
At Roice Technologies, the core design team of 10 employees has daily "stand-up" meetings. All the core design team members gather standing up for a rapid-fire update on the project. These stand-up meetings are representative of which of the following components of the organisation's culture?
rituals
The daily or weekly planned routines that occur in an organization are called
rituals
___ involves well-known responses to normal job demands that occur in a predictable way.
routine task performance
At Cool Clothes Inc, there is a total focus on providing care and satisfaction to each customer. In the major clients division, each manager is assigned three employees to supervise, whereas in the product assembly division, each manager supervises 15 employees. The major clients' division managers can be described as having ____________ as opposed to ____________ for the product assembly division managers.
simple structure, bureaucratic structure
________ consists of anecdotes, accounts, legends, and myths that are passed down from cohort to cohort within an organization
stories
Advantages of a strong culture
stronger environment, better customer service, allows employees to identify with the organization, makes merging with other companies easier, creates stability
Nike's "swoosh" is an example of a
symbol
Charles finds an advertisement for an accountant's position at a local office. The advertisement mentions preparing, examining, and analyzing accounting records for accuracy and completeness as job responsibilities of the accountant's position. These job descriptions typically refer to ______.
task performance
__________ includes employee behaviors that are directly involved int he transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces
task performance
the explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment are referred to as ___________.
task performance
Some people react to bad rules or policies by constructively trying to change them, instead of passively complaining about them. this positive characteristic refers to:
voice
The more people under the control of one manager, the
wider the span of control
The degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs refers to:
work specialization
_________ also referred to as a company's division of labor
work specialization