BIO 264 Module 12 Special Senses, Smell & Taste

True

Olfactory receptor neurons are capable of regeneration. True or False?

Ten

Taste cells have a normal life span of _____ days.

B

Which of the following is something that will LIKELY decrease the ability of this guy to smell P.U. ? A. Damage to Cranial Nerve VIII B. Inability to activate adenylate cyclase C. Damage to the thalmus D. Actually, all of the above will make it more difficult to smell odors

True

A tastant is the gustatory equivalent of an odorant. True or False?

1,3

An olfactory mutation which causes adenylyl cyclase to be constantly active would cause which of the following consequences? 1. N.O.'s olfactory neurons are always permeable to Na+ and Ca++ ions 2. N.O.'s olfactory neurons are never permeable to Na+ and Ca++ ions 3. N.O.'s brain receives a constant stream of action potentials whether his receptors are stimulated or not 4. G-protein coupled receptors on N.O.'s olfactory neurons are nonfunctional

A

Axons of olfactory neurons synapse at the ________________. A. Olfactory bulb B. Olfactory tract C. Olfactory cortex D. Olfactory area

D

If a drug were administered that blocked G-protein coupled receptors within taste bud receptor cells, which of the following events would occur? A. Receptor cells would exhibit no response to the presence of any tastants B. A constant stream of action potentials would be sent from taste associated neurons to the brain C. Receptor cells would respond and release neurotransmitters, but neurons would be unable to respond to these neurotransmitters D. The brain would register sour and salty tastes but not sweet and bitter

B

If the olfactory bulb is in the cranial cavity, how does the neuron interact with the olfactory epithelium? A. The odorants pass through the epithelium and then synapse with the synaptic ends of the olfactory bulbs B. The dendrites of the olfactory neurons extend through small formina in the cribriform plate C. The olfactory neurons have axons that project through small formina in the cribriform plate D. None of the above. The olfactory bulb is part of the olfactory epithelium and is NOT located in the cranial cavity

A

Neurons beginning from the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory tract and synapse at the: A. Olfactory cortex B. Intermediate olfactory area C. Thalamus D. Parietal lobe

C

Odorants are molecules that are dissolved in fluid and bind to a chemoreceptor, which produces depolarization and subsequent action potentials. What process describes how odorants produce an action potential after they bind to the chemoreceptor? A. Acetylcholine binds to Na+ ligand-gated channels and they open, depolarizing the membrane B. Acetylcholine binds to K+ ligand-gated channels and they open, depolarizing the membrane C. Activated adenylate cyclase forms cAMP that opens Na+ channels, depolarizing the membrane D. Activated adenylate cyclase forms cAMP that opens K+ channels, depolarizing the membrane

B

Pertaining to olfaction, once the odorant binds to a odorant receptor it will cause the activation of a G protein to activate adenylate cyclase. This enzyme helps to form cAMP which will: A. Open potassium channels. B. Open sodium or calcium channels. C. Produce ATP. D. Produce protein kinase.

Microvilli

Taste hairs are what organelle structure?

True

The 5 types of tastes that we can detect are sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami. True or False?

True

The Facial Nerve VIII receives action potentials from different nerve bundles on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. True or False?

True

The Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX receives action potentials from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. True or False?

True

The entire olfactory epithelium degenerates and is lost from the surface approximately every two months. True or False?

True

The function of the basal cell in the olfactory epithelium is to allow proliferation of the olfactory cell neurons. True or False?

True

The receptors for all tastes start an intracellular change that results in Ca++ influx. True or False?

False

The sensitivity and thresholds for the 5 primary tastes are the same. True or False?

C

The taste of bitter results from A. Sodium ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell B. Hydrogen ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell C. Binding of the tastant resulting in a G protein mechanism of depolarization D. Amino acids bind to receptors and depolarize the cell through a G protein mechanism

A

The taste of salt results from A. Sodium ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell B. Hydrogen ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell C. Binding of the tastant resulting in a G protein mechanism of depolarization D. Amino acids bind to receptors and depolarize the cell through a G protein mechanism

B

The taste of sour results from A. Sodium ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell B. Hydrogen ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell C. Binding of the tastant resulting in a G protein mechanism of depolarization D. Amino acids bind to receptors and depolarize the cell through a G protein mechanism

C

The taste of sweet results from A. Sodium ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell B. Hydrogen ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell C. Binding of the tastant resulting in a G protein mechanism of depolarization with cAMP D. Amino acids bind to receptors and depolarize the cell through a G protein mechanism

D

The taste of umame results from A. Sodium ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell B. Hydrogen ions diffuse through channels resulting in depolarization of the cell C. Binding of the tastant resulting in a G protein mechanism of depolarization D. Amino acids bind to receptors and depolarize the cell through a G protein mechanism

C

This type of cell contains olfactory receptors that can bind to odorants once they are dissolved in solution. This cell type is known as: A. Support cells B. Basal cells C. Olfactory neurons D. Brush cells

Smell

Which is the only major sensation that is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without first passing through the thalamus?

A

Which of the following is NOT a step in odorant binding to an olfactory hair membrane? A. Airborne molecules are dissolved in the fluid covering the olfactory epithelium B. An associated G protein is activated as an odorant binds to a receptor C. ATP is converted to cyclic AMP (cAMP) D. Ion channels are opened due to presence of cAMP and depolarize the neuron

A

Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched? A. Neurotransmitter release - receptor cell apical membrane B. Facial nerve - taste for the anterior 2/3 of tongue C. Capsaicin - activates pain receptors D. H+ ion - sour taste

E

Which papillae are associated with taste buds? A. Foliate B. Fungiform C. Vallate D. Papilliform E. All of the above F. None of the above

A

Which papillae on the tongue do not have taste buds? A. Filiform B. Fungiform C. Vallate D. Papilliform

Salt and sour

Which tastes are a result cations used to cause action potentials?

Sweet, bitter, umami

Which tastes are a result of ligands used to eventually cause action potentials?

B

___________ are sensory structures that detect taste and can be located in anatomical structures known as ____________. A. Papillae; taste buds B. Taste buds; papillae C. Taste buds; taste pores D. Papillae; taste pores