BIO 313 Exam 1 Knowledge Checks & Polling Questions

If the ESV = 50 ml and EDV = 120 ml, what is the cardiac output at an average resting heart rate of 72 bpm? 8.64 L/min 3.6 L/min 5.04 L/min 2.4 L/min

5.04 L/min

A person with type A blood has ___. Select all that apply. B antigens on their blood cells A antibodies in their blood A antigens on their blood cells B antibodies in their blood

A antigens on their blood cells B antibodies in their blood

The heart generates pressure to move blood from each chamber and leave the heart through arteries. These same pressure differences also allow valves to open and close to allow one direction of flow. Which of the following pressure differences between the Atria (A), Ventricle (V), and aorta (a) allow for all of the valves to be closed? A>V<a A<V<a A<V>a A>V>a

A<V<a

At rest, the the heart rate is being adjusted by which neurotransmitter NE via beta receptors ACh via muscarinic receptors ACh via nicotinic receptors all of these answers are correct

ACh via muscarinic receptors

During isovolumetric contraction, the all of these answers are correct atria are contracting and ventricles are relaxing none of these answers are correct AV and SL valves are closed blood is ejected into the great vessels

AV and SL valves are closed

Which of the following is the mechanism of acquiring immunity through vaccines? Active, artificially acquired Passive, artificially acquired Passive, naturally acquired Active, naturally acquired

Active, artificially acquired

A patient has anemia due to reduced hemoglobin, but you don't know why. Which test would you run to figure out what treatment is necessary? none of these answers are correct bone marrow evaluation to look at stem cells look at the shape of the RBCs erythropoietin concentrations Blood iron levels

Blood iron levels

True or False. A person with thrombocytopenia would have a low hematocrit.

False

True or False. Eosinophils are part of our adaptive immune system

False

Which of the following system(s) help to regulate homeostasis? Cardiovascular nervous and endocrine Respiratory Nervous Endocrine nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular

Nervous and endocrine

You have type O+ blood. Which blood can you receive? Select all that apply. O+ AB+ B- AB- O- B+ A+ A-

O+, O-

The pacemaker of the heart is located in the purkinje fibers bundle branches AV node SA node

SA node

which of the following are commonly found in blood plasma all the time? a. all of the above b.erythropoietin c.prostacyclin d. prothrombin e. fibrinogen

a

The depolarization period in of contractile cardiac action potentials results from an increase in permeability of the cell membrane to: a. Na+ b. Ca+ c. K+ d. Cl- e. O2

a Remember that the pacemaker cells change the "voltage" which activates those voltage-gated Na+ channels to depolarize the contractile cells.

In order for a cell to be "activated" (e.g., contract, make a new protein, release a neurotransmitter, release a hormone): a chemical messenger interacts with a receptor Na+ ion channels must be opened up a neurotransmitter must activate the cell cells do not need to be activated

a chemical messenger interacts with a receptor

Choose (a) if it is greater, (b) if it is greater, or (c) of both are essentially the same. a. contractility when NE is released b. contractility when Ach is released

a. ACH doesnt influence contractility at all

Atrial systole occurs ___ with regard to the firing of the sinoatrial node (SA node). before after simultaneously alternately

after

Which cells are involved with our innate immune response? none of the above eosinophils all of the above macrophage basophils neutrophils

all of the above

the function(s) of blood is to remove carbon dioxide from active cells remove nitrogenous wastes from active cells transport enzymes and hormones to the body's cells carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells all of the above

all of these above

We can define 3 fluid compartments within our bodies. What is the function of blood plasma? It carries water all of these answers are correct It carries proteins like clotting factors and enzymes It carries small molecules like amino acids and glucose none of these answers are correct It carries some dissolved gases

all of these answers are correct

Which is true about antibodies? they only circulate in the blood for a certain amount of time none of these answers are correct they are small proteins that bind to antigens they are important for "trapping" foreign materials and initiating an immune response all of these answers are correct they can be made by our bodies or be synthetic

all of these answers are correct

Which of the following are way(s) that one cell type can communicate with another cell type none of these answers are correct neurocrine autocrine endocrine paracrine all of these answers are correct

all of these answers are correct

Which of the following would be considered a "formed element" of blood? erythrocytes leukocytes thrombocytes only erythrocytes and leukocytes all of these answers are correct

all of these answers are correct

Why do you think vasculature is organized in a parallel arrangement? to make sure that each tissue has adequate perfusion none of these answers are correct so all tissues receive blood that has the same stuff in it to allow the body to adjust blood flow to each organ independently all of these answers are correct

all of these answers are correct

A person has type O- blood. What kind of antibodies would they have in their blood? Select all that apply. No answer text provided. anti-B antibodies anti-A antibodies anti-Rh antibodies

anti-B antibodies anti-A antibodies

The body's innate (non-specific) defenses include all of the following EXCEPT mucus secretions inflammation the skin antibodies

antibodies

Why do we make anti-A and/or Anti-B antibodies, even if we have never been exposed to the wrong blood type? the baby is exposed to the opposite blood type at birth the baby is exposed to the opposite blood type during nursing as infants, we are exposed to something that has a similar protein structure to A and B antigens the fetus is exposed to the opposite blood type during pregnancy

as infants, we are exposed to something that has a similar protein structure to A and B antigens

Choose (a) if it is greater, (b) if it is greater, or (c) of both are essentially the same. (a) heart rate when ACh is released (b) heart rate when NE is released

b Remember sympathetic NS can increase the rate of pacemaker depolarization.Can also influence contractility

Choose (a) if it is greater, (b) if it is greater, or (c) of both are essentially the same. a. concentration of prostacyclin when bv is damaged b. concentration of prostacyclin when bv is not damaged

b. prostacyclin is produced by healthy epithelial cells to make sure the platelets don't stick together

Contractility: NE and Epi activiate what receptors

beta 1 receptors

Impaired liver function would likely cause none of these answers are correct clotting disorder No answer text provided. bleeding disorder

bleeding disorder

Some athletes have been found to take synthetic erythropoiten to gain a competitive edge. Predict the outcome of an overdose of the hormone erythropoiten. blood viscocity increases to levels that may induce heart attack or stroke oxygen-carrying capacity remains unchanged despite elevated RBC counts RBC counts actually decrease due to negative feedback blood viscosity levels decrease while oxygen carrying capacity increases

blood viscocity increases to levels that may induce heart attack or stroke

Choose (a) if it is greater, (b) if it is greater, or (c) of both are essentially the same. (a) hematocrit in healthy patient (b) hematocrit in person with thrombocytopenia

c

Choose (a) if it is greater, (b) if it is greater, or (c) of both are essentially the same. a. resting HR if 115/80 b. resting HR if 120/80

c

Jessica, a woman in her early 20s, has come in to the ER because she often has small blood clots that detach and block blood flow. Her mother had these issues as well. Her blood tests indicate that her RBC, WBC, and platelet counts are normal. Which of the following could account for her problems? a. An over production of tissue plasminogen activator b. An over production of plasminogen c. A reduction in plasmin activity d. An increase in plasmin activity

c

Multiple choice. Select the best answer. If the hematocrit is 40, then: a. The volume occupied by the erythrocytes is 60% of the total blood volume b. The volume occupied by the leukocytes is 40% of the total blood volume c. The volume occupied by the erythrocytes is 40% of the total blood volumed. d.The volume occupied by the plasma and cellular elements is 40% of the total blood volume

c

Which statement is true about the cells of the heart? a. Autorhthymic cells have a stable resting membrane potential b. Autorhthymic cells respond to action potentials that spread through the heart. c. Contractile cells have a stable resting membrane potential. d. Contractile cells initiate APs that spread through the heart

c

if afterload increases, what will happen to CO if nothing else changes? a. will not change b. will increase due to increased SV c. will decrease due to decreased SV d.will increase due to increased contractility e. will decrease due to decreased contractility

c.

cardiac muscle cells share similarities with skeletal muscle. Which of the following is NOT the same between these two tissue types? muscle cells are depolarized with Na+ enters the cell calcium ions are stored int he sarcoplasmic reticulum muscle cells contain sarcomeres muscle cells are striated cardiac muscle cells are innervated by a nerve ending

cardiac muscle cells are innervated by a nerve ending

the function of an erythrocyte is to remove carbon dioxide from active cells remove nitrogenous wastes from active cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells all of the above

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

Which step of hemostasis involves making a fibrin mesh? platelet plug vascular spasm coagulation none of these answers are correct

coagulation

which of the following would be a positive intotrope? a. intravenous Ca+ b. PDE inhibitor c. B1 agonist d. all of the above

d positive intropes increase contractility - treats low blood pressure or low CO

If the ESV increases, what will happen to CO (assume HR stays the same)? stay the same increase No answer text provided. decrease

decrease

If Ach is being released, what will happen to cardiac output a. stay the same b. increase c. decrease

decrease because you would decrease the heart rate

How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect cardiac output?

decreases the heart rate

why is high diastolic pressure damaging to the heart

due to increased afterload, the left ventricle must contract more forcefully to expel the same amount of blood which could be damaging to bv

How does water cross a cell membrane? active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion (specifically, osmosis) simple diffusion (specifically, osmosis)

facilitated diffusion (specifically, osmosis)

hematocrit alone can be used to detect if a person has aplastic vs nutritional anemia

false

if mom has been vaccinated against the current influenza virus, her baby is likely to be immune forever after birth

false =passive immunity through mothers breast milk/placenta

Which of the following would always be present within your blood? all of these answers are correct plasmin thrombin fibrinogen

fibrinogen

The cell membrane: none of the above all of the above is permeable to all molecules at all times because of the lipid bilayer has proteins that determine its permeability to specific molecules is a highly rigid structure that never interacts with the cells around it

has proteins that determine its permeability to specific molecules

The maintenance of a relatively constant and optimal internal environment in an organism is termed: effector control homeostasis integration positive feedback negative feedback

homeostasis

If NE is being released, what will happen to cardiac output? Select all that are true! decrease because HR decreases increase because HR increases increase because SV increases increase because SV decreases

increase because HR increases increase because SV increases

Iron levels in a patient's blood are lowered. This patient would experience which of the following symptoms? increased fatigue increased energy elevated RBC count decreased WBC count

increased fatigue

Which of the following would decrease cardiac output increased sympathetic stimulation increased parasympathetic stimulation increased venous return increased heart rate

increased parasympathetic stimulation

blood contains all of the following EXCEPT: plasma formed elements various proteins interstitial fluid

interstitial fluid

Extracellular fluids of the human body include interstitial fluid and blood plasma intracellular fluid interstitial fluid intracellular and interstitial fluid blood plasma

interstitial fluid and blood plasma

when diastolic pressure increases, what happens to isovolumetric contraction?

it will take longer to generate that pressure -contractility isn't effected end systolic volume increases so stroke volume decreases

The "lub-dub" heart sounds are produced by: the wall of the atria and ventricles slapping together during contraction the blood hitting the wall of the ventricle and aorta respectively lub = closing AV valves and dub = closing SL valves lub = closing SL valves and dub = closing AV valves

lub = closing AV valves and dub = closing SL valves

Which cells are involved with our adaptive immune response? lymphocytes neutrophils none of the above basophils eosinophils all of the above

lymphocytes

immunity that results from the natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ___ immunity acquired active innate passive natural active

natural active

Could a person with type O- blood receive A- blood? yes no

no

In the second time we are exposed to an antigen, why is the lag time shorter that the first time? erythrocytes are recruited faster because there are memory cells it takes less time to make antibodies the second time around all of these answers are correct now the body has memory cells to quickly respond and make more antibodies

now the body has memory cells to quickly respond and make more antibodies

To decrease the heart rate, the ANS releases neurotransmitters that: increase the frequency that contractile cells depolarize decrease the frequency that contractile cells depolarize pacemaker cells depolarize less frequently pacemaker cells depolarize more frequently

pacemaker cells depolarize less frequently

Which of the following could be diagnosed using a hematocrit? Select all that apply. pernicious anemia sickle cell anemia this would be harder to diagnose with hematocrit, and would be better assessed using blood smear. thrombocytopenia hemophilia polycythemia

pernicious anemia polycythemia

blood osmotic pressure is most affected by changes in the concentration of sodium ions glucose waste products plasma proteins

plasma proteins

Which step of hemostasis involves positive feedback? platelet plug coagulation vascular spams none of these answers are correct

platelet plug

A person's blood type is determined by the presence/absence of specific molecules on the cell membrane of erythrocytes size of the erythrocytes the type of antibodies that their body makes chemical character of the hemoglobin within erythrocytes

presence/absence of specific molecules on the cell membrane of erythrocytes

Which of the following contain high-oxygenated blood? pulmonary veins pulmonary arteries superior vena cava all of these answers are correct

pulmonary veins

blood returning to the heart from systemic circulation first enters the left ventricle right atrium left atrium right venrticle

right atrium

Which of the following provides a "first line of defense" against pathogens? skin macrophages lymphocytes fever

skin

In contractile cells, the depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of increased membrane permeability to ____ ions potassium sodium chloride calcium

sodium

Which of the following systems do NOT alter the contraction of smooth muscle paraympathetic nervous system chemical factors surrounding the cell sympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system all of these answers are correct stretch

somatic nervous system

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma proteins? source of amino acids for the body maintain osmotic pressure regulatory hormones enzymes

source of amino acids for the body

Defense of the body against a particular bacteria or virus is provided by specific immunity nonspecific immunity skin fever

specific immunity

in active immunization, the the body receives antibodies produced by another person immune system attacks normal body cells the body is deliberately exposed to an antigen genes for antibodies are introduced into the body

the body is deliberately exposed to an antigen

The plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to the calcium channels remaining open longer than sodium channels an increase in membrane permeability to sodium ions the movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane the increased membrane permeability to potassium ions

the calcium channels remaining open longer than sodium channels

the more calcium that binds to troponin...

the more cross bridges, which will increase force of contraction (contractility)

Which component of plasma varies the most, contributing to the range in volume of plasma? water plasma proteins hormones inorganic molecules

water

Which of the following is true of osmosis solutes move from a hypoosmotic area to a hyperosmotic area solutes move from a hyperosmotic area to a hypoosmotic area water moves from a hyperosmotic area to a hypoosmotic area water moves from a hypoosmotic area to a hyperosmotic area

water moves from a hypoosmotic area to a hyperosmotic area

Could a person with type AB+ blood receive A- blood? yes no

yes

A couple are having a baby! super exciting! The man's blood type is AB+, and the woman's blood type is O- . Should the woman be prescribed rhogam? no because the fetus is likely to have Rh- blood no because she is Rh- and doesn't make Rh+ antibodies yes because the fetus is likely to have Rh+ blood Yes because she will make Rh+ antibodies

yes because the fetus is likely to have Rh+ blood