[BIO 431] Ch.21 Questions

Blood flow depends on which of the following criteria. A) Blood pressure B) Systemic vascular resistance C) Blood type D) Blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance E) Blood pressure and heart rate

Blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance

Which of the following is the blood vessel that distributes blood to organs?* A) arteries B) capillaries C) venules D) arterioles E) Veins

arteries

This vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries. A) arteries B) arterioles C) venules D) veins E) aorta

arterioles

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________. a. capillaries b. arterioles c. arteries d. veins

a. capillaries

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure? a. emotional state b. blood volume c. cardiac output d. peripheral resistance

a. emotional state

Capillaries are also referred to as a. exchange vessels. b. vasoconstrictors. c. vasodilators. d. pressure reservoirs. e. distributing vessels.

a. exchange vessels

What do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at birth? a. ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis b. ligamentum teres; fossa ovalis c. ligamentum arteriosum; ligamentum teres d. fossa ovalis; ligamentum arteriosum

a. ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure? a. nitric acid b. atrial natriuretic peptide c. angiotensin II d. ADH

a. nitric acid

Which of the following factors is most important in forcing blood flow through veins? A) heart rate B) stroke volume C) muscular activity D) blood velocity E) valve opening

muscular activity

This layer of the artery is composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers. A) tunica interna B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) tunica albuginea E) tunica fascia

tunica externa

Which of the following is NOT found in arteries but is found in veins? A) tunica externa B) tunica media C) tunica interna D) valves

valves

What would the mean arterial pressure be for an individual with a blood pressure of 120/80? a) 40 b) 93.3 c) 13.3 d) 120 e) 200

b) 93.3

The branches from the ascending aorta that supply blood to the cardiac muscle are the a) circumflex arteries b) coronary arteries c) anterior descending arteries d) interventricular arteries e) pulmonary arteries

b) coronary arteries

The chemical histamine causes capillary walls to become more permeable. Excess histamine secretion, as might be seen in allergic responses, might lead to a) decreased blood flow b) edema c) increased pain sensation d) blood clotting e) hypertension

b) edema

Which of the following structures is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed? a) thoroughfare channels b) precapillary sphincters c) postcapillary sphincters d) venules

b) precapillary sphincters

The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the a) right atrium to the right ventricle. b) right ventricle to the left atrium. c) left atrium to the left ventricle. d) left ventricle to the right atrium. e) left ventricle to the coronary sinus.

b) right ventricle to the left atrium.

The pulse pressure is ________. a. systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure b. systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure c. systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure d. diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)

c. systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? a. basement membrane b. tunica intima c. tunica media d. tunica externa

c. tunica media

The bronchial arteries arise from the a) left subclavian artery b) brachiocephalic trunk c) right subclavian artery d) left common carotid artery e) thoracic aorta

d) left common carotid artery

A blockage in the proximal portion of the right subclavian artery will not only affect circulation to the right arm, but also to the a) left arm b) left ventricle c) right ventricle d) left vertebral artery e) left common carotid artery

d) left vertebral artery

Pericardial arteries supply blood to the a) outer heart muscle b) tissue of the aorta c) tissue of the pulmonary trunk d) tissues of the pericardial sac e) all of these

d) tissues of the pericardial sac

The term ductus venosus refers to ________. Select one: a. a condition of the aged in which the arteries lose elasticity b. damage to the valves in the veins, leading to varicose veins c. a fetal shunt that bypasses the lungs d. a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver

d. a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls? a. hydrostatic pressure only b. plasma and formed element concentration c. blood volume and viscosity d. hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

d. hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Elastic arteries function as a. vasodilators. b. conduits to the tissues of the trunk only. c. barriers to microcirculation. d. pressure reservoirs. e. vasoconstrictors.

d. pressure reservoirs

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation? a. right atrium, aorta, and left ventricle b. superior vena cava, right atrium, and left ventricle c. left ventricle, aorta, and inferior vena cava d. right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

d. right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

The pressure driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called A) reabsorption B) filtration C) bulk flow D) hydrostatic pressure E) colloid pressure

filtration

What general regions do the visceral and parietal branches of the thoracic aorta supply? a) Head b) Esophagus and mediastinum c) Leg d) Ribs and diaphragm 1. A only 4. D only 2. B only 3. C only 5. B and D

5. B and D [esophagus, mediastinum, ribs and diaphragm]

Where can pulse not be felt? A) Arteries B) Capillaries C) Arterioles D) Arteries and arterioles E) None of the above

Capillaries

Which of the following would NOT increase blood pressure. A) Increased blood volume B) Increased sympathetic stimulation C) Increased heart rate D) Increased stroke volume E) Decreased cardiac output

Decreased cardiac output

Which of the following would be the response of the body as a result of decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors? A) Increased blood pressure B) Increased parasympathetic stimulation C) Decreased heart rate D) Decreased stroke volume E) Decreased cardiac output

Increased blood pressure

Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower body to the right atrium? A) Inferior vena cava B) Superior vena cava C) Tibial vein D) Coronary vein E) Iliac vein

Inferior vena cava

This pressure provides information about the condition of the cardiovascular system such as atherosclerosis. A) Diastolic blood pressure B) Systolic blood pressure C) Pulse pressure D) Venule pressure E) Capillary pressure

Pulse pressure

Which of the following vessels is a pulse point at the wrist? A) Radial artery B) Subclavian artery C) Axillary artery D) Cephalic artery E) Palmar artery

Radial artery

The pulmonary trunk divides into A) Right pulmonary artery B) Left pulmonary artery C) Pulmonary veins D) Right and left pulmonary arteries E) Right pulmonary vein and artery

Right and left pulmonary arteries

All the veins of the systemic circulation drain into the A) Superior vena cava B) Inferior vena cava C) Coronary sinus D) Superior and inferior vena cava E) Superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

Superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

What do the following have in common: superficial temporal artery, brachial artery and dorsal artery of the foot? A) They are all areas where you can not hear Korotkoff sounds B) They are all only found on the left side of the body C) They are all pulse points D) None of them contain baroreceptors E) All of them are connected to each other by capillary beds

They are all pulse points

Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is less than a) 120/80. b) 130/90. c) 80/120. d) 100/80. e) 150/85.

a) 120/80.

Which of the following vessels carries the venous blood from the lower body into the right atrium? a) Inferior vena cava b) Superior vena cava c) Tibial vein d) Coronary vein e) Iliac vein

a) Inferior vena cava

Which of the following types of blood vessels have high, pulsing blood pressure? a) arterioles b) capillaries c) venules d) veins e) vena cavae

a) arterioles

In order to supply nourishment to liver tissue, which vessel must deliver blood to the organ? a) hepatic artery b) hepatic vein c) hepatic portal vein d) superior mesenteric artery e) splenic artery

a) hepatic artery

Which branch(es) of the coronary arteries listed below supply the left ventricle? 1. Posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery 2. Marginal branch 3. Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery 4. Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery a. 1, 3, 4 b. 2 c. 1,2,4 d. 1,2,3,4

a. 1, 3, 4 Posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

Which of the following hormones would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure? a. Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) b. Antidiuretic hormone(ADH) c. Aldosterone d. Angiotensin e. Epinephrine

a. Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)

Which of the following would be a normal response of the cardiovascular system to a decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors? a. Increased systemic vascular resistance b. Increased parasympathetic stimulation c. Decreased heart rate d. Decreased stroke volume e. Decreased cardiac output

a. Increased systemic vascular resistance

Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that causes progressive destruction of alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs leading to a decreased ability to exhale. How does this disease affect carbon dioxide levels in the blood? a) they are unaffected b) they increase c) they decrease d) the result varies with each individual e) first, they increase, then they decrease

b) they increase

Which of the following categories of hypertension drugs lower blood pressure by blocking formation of angiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion? a. Diuretics b. ACE inhibitors c. Beta blockers d. Calcium channel blockers e. Anabolic steroids

b. ACE inhibitors

What do the following chemicals have in common: potassium, hydrogen ions, lactic acid, nitric oxide, and adenosine? a. All potent vasoconstrictors. b. All potent vasodilators. c. Used to stimulate smooth muscle contractions. d. Directly regulate the cardiac center of the hypothalamus. e. Decrease systolic blood pressure.

b. All potent vasodilators.

Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________. a. stress b. arteriosclerosis c. obesity d. smoking

b. arteriosclerosis

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign? a. cold, clammy skin b. rapidly falling blood pressure c. increased heart rate d. rapid, thready pulse

b. rapidly falling blood pressure

Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction? a. tunica interna b. tunica media c. tunica externa d. tunica albuginea e. tunica fascia

b. tunica media

This is the volume of blood that flows through any tissue in a given time period. A) microcirculation B) circulation C) blood flow D) blood pressure E) resistance

blood flow

This depends mostly on the ratio of RBC to plasma volume. A) total blood volume B) blood viscosity C) systemic resistance D) blood vessel length E) size of vessel lumen

blood viscosity

Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the cardiovascular system to other body systems? a) Blood delivers clotting factors and WBCs that aid in hemostasis when skin is damaged. b) Blood delivers calcium and phosphate ions that are needed for building bone extracellular matrix. c) Blood carries carbon dioxide to body tissues and removes oxygen for use by other organs. d) Blood carries newly absorbed nutrients and water to the liver. e) Blood circulates cells and chemicals that carry out immune functions.

c) Blood carries carbon dioxide to body tissues and removes oxygen for use by other organs.

When the umbilical cord is tied after birth, the umbilical arteries close by filling in with a) placental fluid. b) platelet plugs. c) connective tissue. d) smooth muscle. e) epithelial tissue.

c) connective tissue.

A blockage in the external iliac artery will reduce blood flow to the a) external iliac artery b) common iliac artery c) femoral artery d) abdominal aorta e) ileal artery

c) femoral artery

Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent (open) ductus arteriosus cause a large increase in the a) blood colloid osmotic pressure. b) net filtration pressure c) pulse pressure. d) blood hydrostatic pressure. e) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.

c) pulse pressure.

If a patient is confined to bed and is unable to walk at all, which of the following will be seriously affected? a) blood flow to the lungs b) blood flow to the kidneys c) the circulation returning from the lower body d) circulation in the jugular veins d) blood flow to the intestines

c) the circulation returning from the lower body

The layer of a blood vessel that is in direct contact with the blood is the a) tunica albuginea b) tunica externa c) tunica interna d) tunica media e) tunica vasculosa

c) tunica interna

Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in systemic vascular resistance? a. Decreased diameter of systemic arterioles b. Increased blood viscosity c. Decreased length of the systemic circulatory route d. Increased vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles e. Increased red blood cell count

c. Decreased length of the systemic circulatory route

Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines? a. Radial artery b. Subclavian artery c. Mesenteric artery d. Coronary artery e. Popliteal artery

c. Mesenteric artery

Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower leg? a. Jugular vein b. Superior vena cava c. Tibial vein d. Coronary vein e. Inferior mesenteric vein

c. Tibial vein

When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle layer contracts producing a. tear in the vessel. b. new vessel branching off the artery or arteriole. c. a vascular spasm. d. tetanus. e. increased blood flow to the damaged vessel.

c. a vascular spasm

During embryonic development, blood vessels are formed by a. endodermal cells. b. pluripotent stem cells. c. angioblasts. d. fibroblasts. e. osteoblasts.

c. angioblast

Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion? a. gas exchange in the lungs b. absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract c. blood clotting d. delivery of oxygen and nutrients to, and removal of wastes from, tissue cells

c. blood clotting

The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is a. interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure. b. interstitial fluid osmotic pressure. c. blood colloid osmotic pressure. d. blood hydrostatic pressure. e. glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

c. blood colloid osmotic pressure

All of the following aid in venous return of blood to heart EXCEPT a. the skeletal muscle pump. b. the respiratory pump. c. blood viscosity. d. venoconstriction e. venous valves.

c. blood viscosity

The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels per minute is called a. stroke volume. b. tidal volume. c. cardiac output. d. cardiac reserve. e. total peripheral resistance.

c. cardiac output

When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, they stimulate all of the following changes EXCEPT a. increased vasoconstriction of arterioles. b. increased blood pressure. c. decreased respiratory rate. d. increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins. e. increased vasoconstriction of veins.

c. decreased respiratory rate

Arteriole blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following? a. rising blood volume b. increasing stroke volume c. falling blood volume d. increasing heart rate e. all of these

c. falling blood volume

Peripheral resistance ________. a. is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals b. increases as blood vessel diameter increases c. increases as blood viscosity increases d. decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel

c. increases as blood viscosity increases

Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock? a. hypovolemic, caused by increased blood volume b. circulatory, where blood volume is normal and constant c. vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone d. cardiogenic, which results from any defect in blood vessels

c. vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone

The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called A) anastome B) blood reservoir C) detour blood D) collateral circulation E) microcirculation

collateral circulation

Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock? a) Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone. b) Kidneys conserve salt and water. c) Heart rate increases. d) Decreased blood flow to the kidneys. e) Heart contractility increases.

d) Decreased blood flow to the kidneys.

Which of the following would NOT occur in response to hypovolemic shock? a) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system. b) Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) c) Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS. d) Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). e) Release of local vasodilators.

d) Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).

Into which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed? a) Normal b) High normal c) Prehypertension d) Stage 1 hypertension e) Stage 2 hypertension

d) Stage 1 hypertension

If the foramen ovale doesn't close at birth, the result will be a) overloading the lungs with blood b) excessive volume in the pulmonary trunk c) a reduction of volume in the aorta d) introducing deoxygenated blood into the systemic circulation e) no change in the content of the systemic or pulmonary circulations

d) introducing deoxygenated blood into the systemic circulation

Which of the following factors do NOT increase systemic vascular resistance? A) decreased vessel lumen diameter B) increased blood viscosity C) decreased vessel length D) increased vasoconstriction E) increased blood cell count

decreased vessel length

The circulatory system aids in the homeostasis of the skeletal system by a) delivering calcium b) delivering phosphate c) transporting hormones for bone metabolism d) transporting hormones for production of red blood cells e) all of the above

e) all of the above

Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries? a) skeletal muscle b) smooth muscle c) connective tissue d) lungs e) all of these choices

e) all of these choices

The most common disorder affecting the heart and blood vessels is a) hypotension b) aneurysm c) infarction d) arrhythmia e) hypertension

e) hypertension

In which of the following types of blood vessels is blood pressure NOT pulsing? 1. Arteries 3. Arterioles 2. Capillaries 4. Venules a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 4 only e. Both 2 and 4

e. Both 2 and 4

Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in arterial blood pressure? a. Increased blood volume b. Increased sympathetic stimulation c. Increased heart rate d. Increased stroke volume e. Increased arteriolar vasodilation

e. Increased arteriolar vasodilation

The cardiovascular center is located A) in the thorax B) in the cerebral cortex C) in the cerebellum D) in the medulla oblongata E) in the hypothalamus

in the medulla oblongata

This is a blood vessel that conveys blood from the tissues back to the heart.* A) artery B) arteriole C) aorta D) vein E) capillary

vein