BIO 60 Chapter 5 (lipids)

------ is a common example of a phospholipid

lecithin

the enzyme _________ plays a role in fat digestion

lipase

------- of the fatty acids in butter are saturated

most

phytosterois are plant chemicals that

reduce cholesterol absorption in the small intestine

What is the function of an emulsifier

suspends fats in water

Pair the correct order

systolic blood pressure: associated with pumping blood from the heart diastolic blood pressure: associate with when the heart is in between beats

What are some examples of foods that are naturally cholesterol free

vegetable oil margarine peanut butter vegetable shortening

How many kilocalories are in one gram of fat

9 grams

What are food sources of EPA and DHA

Fish food: Sardine Tuna Salmon

The gastric _______________ enzyme released in the stomach acts primarily on triglycerides that have fatty acids with short- chain lengths

lipase

______________ is a cholestorel rich substance deposited in the blood vessel

plaque

----fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds

saturated

Which statements are true about sterols?

-Common example cholesterol - Produce by the body -They contain multi ring structure

What are health benefits of consuming Omega 3 fatty acids

-Reduce risk of heart disease -decrease blood triglyceride levels -management of pain resulting in arthisis

fat digestion is rapid and thorough in the small intestine under what "right" circumstances

-bile is released from the gallbladder -lipase breaks triglyceride down to monoglycerides

current cholesterol-lowering medications act to what?

-bind to cholesterol in the GI tract -reduce choelsterol

chylomicron VLDL LDL HDL

-carries dietary fat -carries lipids -carries cholesterol -contributes to cholesterol removal

Which statements are true about the diglyceride

-it consists of two fatty acids bonded to a glycerol backbone -it is the breakdown product of a tryglyceride

What is true about omega-6 fatty acid

-polyunsaturated -first carbon-carbon double bond: methyl end

Why is HDL considered the "good" cholesterol

-slows the development of cardio. disease -aids in transport of cholesterol in the bloodsream to the liver for excretion

1)cholesterol free 2)low cholesterol 3)reduced cholesrerol

1) no more than 2 mg/ serving 2)no more than 20 mg 3) 25% less

The food and nutrition board recommends that at least ________ of total calories come from essential fatty acids

5%

Example of food with high saturated fat

Cheeseburger Whole Milk

What is one of the characteristics that lipids found in foods and in the body have in common?

They are mostly in the form of triglycerides

True or False: Linoelic acid is an essential omega 6 fatty acid

True

Is Omega 3 a ___________

Unsaturated fat

What enzyme breaks down triglyceride into the three fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodsteram

lipoprotein lipase

Formed from the breakdown of triglyceride, a __________ consists of one fatty acid bound to a glycerol backbone

monoglyceride

identify one product of triglyceride digestion than can be absorbed into the cells lining the small intestine

monoglyceride

megadoses of nicotine acid , a form or a B vitamin, can lower

triglycerides

Choose all of the following statements that are true regarding plant food sterol and stanols

- Plant contains similar sterol to cholesterol -Plant sterol have blood cholesterol lowering products

_________ density lipoprotein is considered the "good" cholesterol

High

Pair the type of fatty acid

Omega 3: Fatty acid; alpha- lineoic acid Omega 6: Fatty acid: lineoic acid Omega 9: non essential fatty acid

What are the by products of phosolipid digestion

Phosphorus compound glycerol fatty acids

Why are the chemical structures of trans and saturated fatty acids similar

both contain a straight molecular structure