BIO 60 Chapter 5 (lipids)
------ is a common example of a phospholipid
lecithin
the enzyme _________ plays a role in fat digestion
lipase
------- of the fatty acids in butter are saturated
most
phytosterois are plant chemicals that
reduce cholesterol absorption in the small intestine
What is the function of an emulsifier
suspends fats in water
Pair the correct order
systolic blood pressure: associated with pumping blood from the heart diastolic blood pressure: associate with when the heart is in between beats
What are some examples of foods that are naturally cholesterol free
vegetable oil margarine peanut butter vegetable shortening
How many kilocalories are in one gram of fat
9 grams
What are food sources of EPA and DHA
Fish food: Sardine Tuna Salmon
The gastric _______________ enzyme released in the stomach acts primarily on triglycerides that have fatty acids with short- chain lengths
lipase
______________ is a cholestorel rich substance deposited in the blood vessel
plaque
----fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds
saturated
Which statements are true about sterols?
-Common example cholesterol - Produce by the body -They contain multi ring structure
What are health benefits of consuming Omega 3 fatty acids
-Reduce risk of heart disease -decrease blood triglyceride levels -management of pain resulting in arthisis
fat digestion is rapid and thorough in the small intestine under what "right" circumstances
-bile is released from the gallbladder -lipase breaks triglyceride down to monoglycerides
current cholesterol-lowering medications act to what?
-bind to cholesterol in the GI tract -reduce choelsterol
chylomicron VLDL LDL HDL
-carries dietary fat -carries lipids -carries cholesterol -contributes to cholesterol removal
Which statements are true about the diglyceride
-it consists of two fatty acids bonded to a glycerol backbone -it is the breakdown product of a tryglyceride
What is true about omega-6 fatty acid
-polyunsaturated -first carbon-carbon double bond: methyl end
Why is HDL considered the "good" cholesterol
-slows the development of cardio. disease -aids in transport of cholesterol in the bloodsream to the liver for excretion
1)cholesterol free 2)low cholesterol 3)reduced cholesrerol
1) no more than 2 mg/ serving 2)no more than 20 mg 3) 25% less
The food and nutrition board recommends that at least ________ of total calories come from essential fatty acids
5%
Example of food with high saturated fat
Cheeseburger Whole Milk
What is one of the characteristics that lipids found in foods and in the body have in common?
They are mostly in the form of triglycerides
True or False: Linoelic acid is an essential omega 6 fatty acid
True
Is Omega 3 a ___________
Unsaturated fat
What enzyme breaks down triglyceride into the three fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodsteram
lipoprotein lipase
Formed from the breakdown of triglyceride, a __________ consists of one fatty acid bound to a glycerol backbone
monoglyceride
identify one product of triglyceride digestion than can be absorbed into the cells lining the small intestine
monoglyceride
megadoses of nicotine acid , a form or a B vitamin, can lower
triglycerides
Choose all of the following statements that are true regarding plant food sterol and stanols
- Plant contains similar sterol to cholesterol -Plant sterol have blood cholesterol lowering products
_________ density lipoprotein is considered the "good" cholesterol
High
Pair the type of fatty acid
Omega 3: Fatty acid; alpha- lineoic acid Omega 6: Fatty acid: lineoic acid Omega 9: non essential fatty acid
What are the by products of phosolipid digestion
Phosphorus compound glycerol fatty acids
Why are the chemical structures of trans and saturated fatty acids similar
both contain a straight molecular structure
