BIO Ch 21 Lymph/Immue

Which of these cellular agents does not participate in inflammation?

Cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following is something antibodies do not do?

Differentiate into memory antibodies, which upon reexposure to the same pathogen would mount a quicker attack

The birth of T cells takes place in the ____________ bone marrow.

red

Lastly, fever will prevent the ________of bacteria and viruses.

reproduction

__________ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.

Eosinophils

Adaptive immunity involves skin, NK cells, and phagocytosis.

False

Cellular immunity uses B cells and humoral immunity uses antibodies.

False

Cellular immunity uses MHC-I and MHC-II, but humoral immunity uses only MHC-II.

False

Humoral immunity produces memory by increasing the number of cells and antibodies that can fight off a pathogen in the secondary response.

False

Naive T cells can synthesize antibodies

False

Pyrogens act by increasing the set point for body temperature in the thalamus.

False

A _______is an abnormal elevation of the body temperature.

Fever

__________ participate in both innate immunity and the immune response.

Helper T (TH) cells

Which class of immunoglobulin provides passive immunity to the newborn?

IgA

__________ constitutes about 80% of circulating antibodies in plasma.

IgG

Helper T (TH) cells do not __________.

secrete fever-producing chemicals

Cytotoxic T (TC) cells are like natural killer (NK) cells because they both __________.

secrete granzymes and perforin

Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish __________ from foreign ones.

self-antigens

Eventually the primary response will make an immune ________ of the antigen.

Memory

According to the direction of the arrow, place the images into the correct order to represent the activation of a T cell.

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Classify the following images into the type of defense it represents.

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Correctly label the anatomical features of lymphatic capillaries.

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Correctly label the following aspects of red bone marrow.

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Correctly label the following features of the lymphatic system.

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Correctly label the lymphatic tissue of the large intestine.

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When a person is exposed to an antigen for the first time, the immune reaction is called the ______ response.

Primary

Fever can ____________ interferon activity.

Promote

Which of the following cannot act as antigen-presenting cells?

T cells

Which of the following does(do) not belong to the second line of defense?

The gastric juices

Which of the following forces does not help lymph to flow?

The lymphatic node pump

Antibodies and complement can work together, linking innate and adaptive immunity.

True

Cytotoxic T cells respond only to antigens bound to MHC-I proteins.

True

Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other.

True

Most Memory B cells are found circulating in the lymph.

True

The immune system spans nearly every organ and tissue in the human body.

True

The lymphatic system is involved in circulation, immunity, and nutrient absorption.

True

Bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, and widespread vasodilation are all characteristics of __________.

anaphylactic shock

An immediate and intense type I reaction that can be treated with antihistamines is characteristic of __________

anaphylaxis

Vaccination stimulates __________ immunity.

artificial active

The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates __________ immunity.

artificial passive

From here, cells are sent to mature in the

thymus

T cells achieve immunocompetence in the __________.

thymus

Immune clearance will clear foreign antigens from the

bloodstream.

Fever can also _______ tissue repair.

to accelerate

Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is effective against __________

cancer cells

Memory T cells can be up to __________ old.

decades

Complement fixation cannot lead to __________.

endogenous pyrexia

Those two fragments activate processes that lead to ________inflammation, immune clearance and phagocytosis.

enhanced

A(n) __________ is the region of the molecule that is recognized by antibodies.

epitope

Interferons are secreted in response to bacterial infections.

false

One group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (NK) cells is __________.

granzymes

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainly __________.

helper T cells

Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called __________ and a vasodilator called __________.

heparin; histamine

One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that __________.

immunity is directed against a particular pathogen

__________ are antimicrobial proteins.

interferons

The classical, alternative and ____________ pathways all lead to the cleavage of complement C3 into C3a and C3b.

lectin

Special lymphatic vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary __________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.

lipids

Antigen-presenting cells usually display processed antigens to T cells in the _____________.

lymph nodes

The only lymphatic organ(s) with afferent lymphatic vessels is(are) the __________.

lymph nodes

Red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system.

true

Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has __________ antigen-binding site(s).

two

Most common allergies are the result of __________.

type I (acute) hypersensitivity

Beta cell destruction that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is a(n) __________.

type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity

The majority of T cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for the encounter with foreign antigens in the

lymphatic tissues

Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n) __________.

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein Correct

The first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation is __________.

margination

Lymphatic vessels recover about __________ of the fluid filtered by capillaries.

15%

A person who is HIV-positive and has a helper T (TH) cell count lower than __________ has AIDS.

200 cells/μL

Immune surveillance is a process in which __________ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells.

natural killer (NK) cells

When an enemy cell is present, a(n) __________ secretes perforins, which bore a hole in the enemy cell membrane.

natural killer cell

Inflammation activates and attracts ____________ and macrophages, two key cellular agents of pathogen destruction.

neutrophils

Complement C3b protein coats bacteria and stimulates phagocytosis by __________ during a process called __________.

neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization

Which of the following is common in the distal small intestine?

Aggregated lymphoid nodule

During phagocytosis, ________ occurs which is the coating of microbial cells

opsonization

After maturation the cells move to lymphatic tissue and

organs

Correctly label the anatomical features of lymphatic capillaries.

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Correctly label the following anatomical features of fluid exchange between lymphatic and circulatory systems.

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Correctly label the following features of the lymphatic system.

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Place the images into the correct order to represent clonal selection.

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Place the images into the correct order to represent the sequence of events associated with the action of antigen-presenting cells.

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In some cases, ____________ cells are made and sent back to the bone marrow.

plasma

Before B cells secrete antibodies, they differentiate into _________.

plasma cells

Which is the correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response?

Antigen recognition → antigen presentation → clonal selection → differentiation → attack

Yet a fever, when allowed to run its course, is actually ______

Beneficial

As the plasma cells begin secreting antibody, the antibody ____________ begins to rise.

Blank

The appearance of protective ____________ is delayed for 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate.

Blank