BIO Ch 21 Lymph/Immue
Which of these cellular agents does not participate in inflammation?
Cytotoxic T cells
Which of the following is something antibodies do not do?
Differentiate into memory antibodies, which upon reexposure to the same pathogen would mount a quicker attack
The birth of T cells takes place in the ____________ bone marrow.
red
Lastly, fever will prevent the ________of bacteria and viruses.
reproduction
__________ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.
Eosinophils
Adaptive immunity involves skin, NK cells, and phagocytosis.
False
Cellular immunity uses B cells and humoral immunity uses antibodies.
False
Cellular immunity uses MHC-I and MHC-II, but humoral immunity uses only MHC-II.
False
Humoral immunity produces memory by increasing the number of cells and antibodies that can fight off a pathogen in the secondary response.
False
Naive T cells can synthesize antibodies
False
Pyrogens act by increasing the set point for body temperature in the thalamus.
False
A _______is an abnormal elevation of the body temperature.
Fever
__________ participate in both innate immunity and the immune response.
Helper T (TH) cells
Which class of immunoglobulin provides passive immunity to the newborn?
IgA
__________ constitutes about 80% of circulating antibodies in plasma.
IgG
Helper T (TH) cells do not __________.
secrete fever-producing chemicals
Cytotoxic T (TC) cells are like natural killer (NK) cells because they both __________.
secrete granzymes and perforin
Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish __________ from foreign ones.
self-antigens
Eventually the primary response will make an immune ________ of the antigen.
Memory
According to the direction of the arrow, place the images into the correct order to represent the activation of a T cell.
Pic
Classify the following images into the type of defense it represents.
Pic
Correctly label the anatomical features of lymphatic capillaries.
Pic
Correctly label the following aspects of red bone marrow.
Pic
Correctly label the following features of the lymphatic system.
Pic
Correctly label the lymphatic tissue of the large intestine.
Pic
When a person is exposed to an antigen for the first time, the immune reaction is called the ______ response.
Primary
Fever can ____________ interferon activity.
Promote
Which of the following cannot act as antigen-presenting cells?
T cells
Which of the following does(do) not belong to the second line of defense?
The gastric juices
Which of the following forces does not help lymph to flow?
The lymphatic node pump
Antibodies and complement can work together, linking innate and adaptive immunity.
True
Cytotoxic T cells respond only to antigens bound to MHC-I proteins.
True
Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other.
True
Most Memory B cells are found circulating in the lymph.
True
The immune system spans nearly every organ and tissue in the human body.
True
The lymphatic system is involved in circulation, immunity, and nutrient absorption.
True
Bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, and widespread vasodilation are all characteristics of __________.
anaphylactic shock
An immediate and intense type I reaction that can be treated with antihistamines is characteristic of __________
anaphylaxis
Vaccination stimulates __________ immunity.
artificial active
The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates __________ immunity.
artificial passive
From here, cells are sent to mature in the
thymus
T cells achieve immunocompetence in the __________.
thymus
Immune clearance will clear foreign antigens from the
bloodstream.
Fever can also _______ tissue repair.
to accelerate
Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is effective against __________
cancer cells
Memory T cells can be up to __________ old.
decades
Complement fixation cannot lead to __________.
endogenous pyrexia
Those two fragments activate processes that lead to ________inflammation, immune clearance and phagocytosis.
enhanced
A(n) __________ is the region of the molecule that is recognized by antibodies.
epitope
Interferons are secreted in response to bacterial infections.
false
One group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (NK) cells is __________.
granzymes
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainly __________.
helper T cells
Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called __________ and a vasodilator called __________.
heparin; histamine
One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that __________.
immunity is directed against a particular pathogen
__________ are antimicrobial proteins.
interferons
The classical, alternative and ____________ pathways all lead to the cleavage of complement C3 into C3a and C3b.
lectin
Special lymphatic vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary __________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.
lipids
Antigen-presenting cells usually display processed antigens to T cells in the _____________.
lymph nodes
The only lymphatic organ(s) with afferent lymphatic vessels is(are) the __________.
lymph nodes
Red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system.
true
Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has __________ antigen-binding site(s).
two
Most common allergies are the result of __________.
type I (acute) hypersensitivity
Beta cell destruction that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is a(n) __________.
type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity
The majority of T cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for the encounter with foreign antigens in the
lymphatic tissues
Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n) __________.
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein Correct
The first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation is __________.
margination
Lymphatic vessels recover about __________ of the fluid filtered by capillaries.
15%
A person who is HIV-positive and has a helper T (TH) cell count lower than __________ has AIDS.
200 cells/μL
Immune surveillance is a process in which __________ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells.
natural killer (NK) cells
When an enemy cell is present, a(n) __________ secretes perforins, which bore a hole in the enemy cell membrane.
natural killer cell
Inflammation activates and attracts ____________ and macrophages, two key cellular agents of pathogen destruction.
neutrophils
Complement C3b protein coats bacteria and stimulates phagocytosis by __________ during a process called __________.
neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization
Which of the following is common in the distal small intestine?
Aggregated lymphoid nodule
During phagocytosis, ________ occurs which is the coating of microbial cells
opsonization
After maturation the cells move to lymphatic tissue and
organs
Correctly label the anatomical features of lymphatic capillaries.
pic
Correctly label the following anatomical features of fluid exchange between lymphatic and circulatory systems.
pic
Correctly label the following features of the lymphatic system.
pic
Place the images into the correct order to represent clonal selection.
pic
Place the images into the correct order to represent the sequence of events associated with the action of antigen-presenting cells.
pic
In some cases, ____________ cells are made and sent back to the bone marrow.
plasma
Before B cells secrete antibodies, they differentiate into _________.
plasma cells
Which is the correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response?
Antigen recognition → antigen presentation → clonal selection → differentiation → attack
Yet a fever, when allowed to run its course, is actually ______
Beneficial
As the plasma cells begin secreting antibody, the antibody ____________ begins to rise.
Blank
The appearance of protective ____________ is delayed for 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate.
Blank