BIO CH 27 Fluid Electrolyte balance
Which of the following is the best way of describing respiratory compensation?
A change in the respiratory rate that helps stabilize the pH of the ECF.
If the partial pressure of CO2 rises in the blood, which of the following happens?
A decrease in pH
Which of the following is not consistent with rising CO2 levels?
Additional Na+ ions are released.
What is the term for a substance that opposes a change in pH in a solution and can either remove or replace hydrogen ions?
Buffer
Acidosis is a more common problem than alkalosis because many acids are the direct byproducts of metabolic reactions. Which of the following acids is not a metabolic acid?
Carbonic acid
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hyperkalemia?
Decreased blood volume
Which of the following occurs when an individual loses body water?
Plasma volume decreases, and electrolyte concentrations rise.
What is meant by the term metabolic water?
Water generated during oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following is NOT a basic principle for understanding fluid and electrolyte balance?
Water moves into and out of cells by active transport.
As a result of the aging process, the ability to regulate pH through renal compensation changes due to
a reduction in the number of functional nephrons
Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the extracellular fluid volume by all of the following mechanisms except
causing the release of ADH
Extracellular fluids in the body consist of all of the following except
cytosol
Deviations outside of the normal pH range due to increases in hydrogen ion concentrations would do all of the following except
decrease the rate of respiration
Sodium ions enter the ECF by crossing the digestive epithelium via
diffusion and active transport
Severe acidosis (blood pH below 7.0) can be deadly for all of the following reasons except
hyperventilation leading to a lack of oxygen to critical tissues
Whenever the rate of sodium intake or output changes, there is a corresponding gain or loss of water that tends to
keep the sodium concentration constant
A loss of bicarbonate ions can lead to
metabolic acidosis
Chronic diarrhea causes a severe loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in
metabolic acidosis
Prolonged vomiting and loss of stomach acid causes
metabolic alkalosis
A effects of both respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis are especially serious in cases of
near drowning
A metabolic alkalosis can be due to
prolonged vomiting
Ketone bodies accumulate in the blood during are associated with
starvation
Ketone bodies accumulate in the blood during are associated with __________.
starvation
The hemoglobin buffer system helps prevent drastic alterations in pH when
the plasma PCO2 is rising or falling
Which of the following is NOT a response in the regulation of acute respiratory acidosis?
HCO3- ions are secreted into the urine.
The major causes of metabolic acidosis include all of the following except?
Hypercapnia
In which of the following would water represent the highest percentage of body weight?
Male infant
Given the following data, what would be your diagnosis for this patient? Data: pH 7.32; PCO2 38; HCO3- 20 mEq/L
Metabolic acidosis
Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment, composed of our body fluids. Which of the following is NOT one of the processes for stabilizing body fluid volumes?
Nutrient balance
Given the following data, what would be your diagnosis for this patient? Data: pH 7.3; pCO2 51 mm Hg.; HCO3- 31 mEq/L
Respiratory acidosis
What would happen if you ate a large quantity of salty potato chips without drinking anything?
Secretion of ADH would increase.
Which of the following does not occur when the pH increases (become more basic)?
The carboxylate ion can act as a weak base and accept additional H+ ions.
What is required for the body to be in acid-base balance?
The production of hydrogen ions is exactly offset by their loss.