Bio Chap 3
Polymers that contain sugars ... (a) may store hereditary information. (b) may store energy. (c) may protect cells. Both (b) and (c). (a), (b), and (c).
(a), (b), and (c).
What do fats, steroids, and waxes have in common?
(b) Low solubility in water.
If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand?
3'-TAAACG-5'
If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain?
75
Which one of these is an amino group?
A
Which of the functional groups behaves as a base?
Amino Groups a.
Some athletes use anabolic steroids to build their body mass. Why is this considered a problematic practice, especially in adolescents?
Anabolic steroids can prevent bone growth.
Which of these is a phosphate group?
B
Which of these is a carbonyl group?
C
Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeletons." Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms. Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.
Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.
Which of these functional groups is characteristic of a ketone?
Carbonyl Group
Which of these functional groups behaves as an acid?
Carboxle Group f.
_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
Cellulose
Which of these is a hydroxyl group?
D
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____.
DNA
One difference between DNA and RNA is that __________. Hints
DNA uses the bases CGAT, whereas RNA uses the bases CGAU
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture
DNA.
Which of these is a carboxyl group?
F
An important characteristic of the double-stranded DNA molecule is that __________.
Hydrogen bonding between base pairs is responsible for formation of a double helix.
Which of these functional groups is characteristic of alcohol?
Hyrdoxl Group
What makes a fatty acid an acid?
It has a carboxyl group that can donate an H+ to a solution. It contains only two oxygen atoms.
L-dopa is used to treat _____.
L-dopa is used to treat _____.
What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease?
None.
Which of these groups plays a major role in energy transfer?
Phosphate Groups b.
Match the monomers with their polymers. HelpReset simple sugar amino acid nucleotide
Protein polymers are made up of amino acid monomers. Nucleic acid polymers are made up of nucleotide monomers. Carbohydrate polymers are made up of simple sugar monomers.
Which statement correctly describes bonds of the secondary structure of proteins?
Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone.
Which of these groups is characteristic of thiols?
Sulfhydral Group e.
Two proteins have the same number and type of amino acids. How is it that they can have different shapes and therefore different functions?
The order in which the amino acids are arranged differs between the two proteins.
Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction?
The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar.
Consider the figure shown below. What one characteristic is shared by sucrose and maltose?
They are all disaccharides
When calorie intake is low, proteins are the last resource the body uses for fuel. Which statement below gives the best reason for this?
When the body uses proteins as fuel, it is breaking down substances vital to its structure and essential functions.
When calorie intake is low, proteins are the last resource the body uses for fuel. Which statement below gives the best reason for this? Hints
When the body uses proteins as fuel, it is breaking down substances vital to its structure and essential functions.
Dr. Haxton told one of his students, "To move in the bloodstream, fats need the help of phospholipids." What would a good student say?
Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water.
Glycogen is _____.
a polysaccharide found in animals
Proteins are an important class of molecules because of the function they perform. Proteins can _____. Hints
act as signal receptors to receive signals in cell communication form dietary fiber
Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____.
adding hydrogens
Of the following functional groups, which is/are polar, tending to make organic compounds hydrophilic? Of the following functional groups, which is/are polar, tending to make organic compounds hydrophilic? carbonyl amino hydroxyl all of the above
all of the above
Organic compounds
always contain carbon.
The building blocks of proteins are called _____.
amino acids
In 2010, former baseball player Mark McGuire admitted that he took steroids during the 1998 season. McGuire hit a record 70 home runs that year. What kind of steroid did Mark McGuire use? glucocorticoids testosterone anabolic steroids Viagra
anabolic steroids
Enantiomers are molecules that _____.
are mirror images
An amino acid is so named because its central carbon is linked to both an amino group and a __________.
carboxyl group
Which of the following foods would contain the most starch?
carrots
Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____
cellulose
Which of these is a polysaccharide?
cellulose
"Saturated" fats _________.
contain only single bonds in their fatty acid tails
What is another name for a condensation reaction?
dehydration
The reaction that joins two monomers to form a polymer is known as a _____ reaction. The molecule of water formed is due to the interaction between _____ and a hydrogen ion.
dehydration ... a hydroxyl group
Geometric isomers are molecules that _____.
differ in the arrangement of their atoms about a double bond
Lactose intolerance is the inability to
digest lactose.
DNA has the appearance of a _____.
double helix
These molecules are _____.
enantiomers
Which condition is irrelevant, to some extent, to the maintenance of protein structure in your body?
environmental temperature
All organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen. What parts of an organic molecule may contain oxygen, nitrogen, or phosphorus? Hints
functional groups
A specific stretch of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a _____.
gene
These molecules are _____.
geometric isomers
In the process of converting cornstarch into high fructose corn syrup, one of the first products is _____. Then, enzymes are used to convert some of this product to fructose.
glucose
What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?
glucose
Which of the following pairs of molecules share the same chemical composition but differ in molecular structure?
glucose and fructose
Unsaturated fats
have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases.
hydrogen bonds
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken?
hydrolysis
The oil and vinegar in your salad dressing remain separate from one another due to the _____ properties of the oil.
hydrophobic
Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.
immune
The characteristic that all lipids have in common is that __________.
lipids generally don't dissolve in water
glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.
maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis
Which of these is a source of lactose?
milk
Trans fat can best be described as a __________.
non-natural form of fat produced through manufacturing processes
DNA is composed of building blocks called _____. DNA
nucleotides
The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called _____.
nucleotides
The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called _____. Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____.
nucleotides
Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein?
ovalbumin
A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids bonded together by __________.
peptide bonds
A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
Which of the following substances is a major component of the cell membrane of a fungus?
phospholipids
A change in a single amino acid can change the structure and function of an entire protein. However, in some cases, there can be gene mutations, which change an amino acid in a protein structure, but do not change either the overall shape or function of a protein. In cases like these, which level(s) of protein structure would change?
primary
Which structural level of a protein would be least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding?
primary structure
Arrow D is indicating a _____ protein.
receptor
Drag the labels to the appropriate locations in this concept map.
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The ovalbumin in egg white can be classified as which type of protein?
storage
Arrow A is indicating a(n) _____ protein.
structural
These molecules are _____.
structural isomers
Glucose plus fructose forms a disaccharide called _____.
sucrose
Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because
their digestive tract contains prokaryotes that can hydrolyze the bonds of cellulose.
This animation illustrates the functioning of a _____ protein.
transport
When an RNA strand forms using DNA as a template, _____.
uracil pairs with adenine and cytosine pairs with guanine
A dehydration reaction is the process in which __________.
water molecules are formed when polymers are synthesized from monomers
