Bio Chapter 13

haploid

(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes

Non-sister chromatid

...

know the phases of meitotic division

...

How many divisions in meiosis? What is the result?

2 divisions. 4 gametes

How many autosomes?

44

tetrad

A tetrad is a group of four chromosomes (2 sets of sister chromatids) that come together during sexual reproduction. Crossing-over occurs at the level of the tetrad.

centromere

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

zygote

Fertilized egg

Main difference between a male and female genotype

One has an X and Y, the other has two XXs. BUT THE QUESTION IS....WHICH ONE IS MALE AND WHICH ONE IS FEMALE?!?!?!?!?!?!

fertilization

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Sister chromatid

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.

why do homologous chromosomes appear similar in a karyotype? why do non homologous appear diff?

Same genetic sequence/same size. Diff genetic sequence/size.

Sex chromosome vs autosome

Sex chromosomes determine gender (X/Y). other chromosomes are autosomes

Asexual Reproduction

The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs w/o the fusion of gametes. (budding/division of single cell/division of entire organism into 2 or more parts)

Sexual Reproduction

Two parents give rise to offspring with unique combination of genes inherited from both parents via gametes. 8==D --> O

Where do sister chromatids come from?

anaphase 1 aka Hannah's poo hole

diploid

cell with 2 sets of chromosomes. 2n

Karayotype

display of a persons 46 chromosomes (number and appearance of chromosomes )

advantages to asexual reproduction? Disadvantage?

do not need another member of your species to reproduce, often faster reproduction. YOU AINT GOT NO GENETIC VARIATION

homologous recombination

eff you

gamete-female

egg

life cycle

generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.

What is a haploid chromosome number?

haploid = n (gamete)

What part of the human cell cycle are cells diploid? haploid?

i dont understand this

difference between mitosis and meiosis

mitosis yields two identical cells while meiosis yields 4 gametes

Difference between sister and non sister chromatids?

non sister chromatids are from diff chromosomes while sisters are from the same one

homologous chromosomes

pair of chromosomes with same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from father and the other from mother.

gamete-male

sperm

What do homologous chromosomes have in common not found on non-homologous chromosomes?

they have the same genetic sequence, are the same size.

chiasmata

x-shaped, microscopically visible region where crossing over has occurred earlier in prophase I between homologous non-sister chromatids