Bio Chapter 3 hw

Select the hydrocarbon from the following choices CO2 C3H8 H2CO3 C6H12O6

C3H8

Which is an organic molecule? H2O Ne CH4 NaCl

CH4

What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?

Glucose

A polysaccharide that we use for storing energy in our muscles and livers is _____.

Glycogen

Which of the four structures would be affected when a protein is denatured?

Tertiary

Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction?

The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar.

A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____

Unsaturated

The peptide bond is _____.

a covalent bond

Dehydration reactions _____. They do so by _____.

link monomers to form a polymer ... removing a water molecule

Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?

lipids

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be

unsaturated

A phospholipid is composed of

one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.

phospholipids

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.

polymer ... glucose molecules

DNA carries the instructions for building _____, and these instructions are found in informational units called ____

polypeptides ... genes

The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in

saturated fats

Ovalbumin is a

storage protein

What does the term amino acid signify about the structure of the molecule?

It consists of an amino group and a carboxyl group.

What does a transport protein do?

It moves a substance across the cell membrane

Which of the following is an amino group? ―CO ―NH2 ―OH ―COOH

-NH2

Many names for sugars end in the suffix

-ose

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food. One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. H2O is formed as the monomers are joined.

Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.

What do phospholipids and cholesterol have in common?

Both are important components of cell membranes.

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? C45H84O8P4 C51H98O6 C50H100O50 C22H49O10N5

Carbohydrates have molecular formulas that are multiples of CH2O. C50H100O50

Which of the following statements about Carbon is false? Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms. Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons." Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.

Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.

Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____.

Cellulose

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____.

DNA

____ provides directions for its own replication. It also directs cell activities by providing instructions for building proteins

DNA

The structure of DNA is a ____, held together by the complementary base-pairing of cytosine with guanine, and adenine with thymine.

Double helix

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is stored in the liver and muscle cells of animals. When glucose, the monomeric subunit found in glycogen, is required for energy, glycogen is broken down through a process known as _____.

Hydrolysis

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal. Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare

Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.

The monomers of nucleic acid consists of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, an a

Nitrogenous base

RNA usually consists of a single ____ strand.

Polynucleotide

A gene provides the directions to build a molecule of___; the genetic instructions it carries are then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein

RNA

How does DNA differ from RNA?

RNA contains ribose, DNA does not.

A polynucleotide has a repeating____ backbone.

Sugar-phosphate

The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the _____

Tertiary Structure

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false? They increase the rate of chemical reactions. They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell. They function as chemical catalysts. They are monomers used to build proteins.

They are monomers used to build proteins.

Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is false? They cause a general buildup of muscle mass. They promote bone growth. They often cause the body to reduce its normal output of sex hormones. They can stimulate mood swings and violent behavior.

They promote bone growth

Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false? Triglycerides are hydrophilic. Triglycerides are a type of fat. Triglycerides play a role in energy storage. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.

Triglycerides are hydrophilic.

When calorie intake is low, proteins are the last resource the body uses for fuel. What is the reason for this?

When the body uses proteins as fuel, it is breaking down substances vital to its structure and essential functions

In a hydrolysis reaction, _____. In this process, water is _____.

a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... consumed

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____

adding hydrogens

An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by

adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.

Organic compounds

always contain Carbon

Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein? an alpha helix a particular amino acid sequence a globular shape the joining of two polypeptide chains

an alpha helix

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____.

as fuel

Which condition are relevant, to some extent, to the maintenance of protein structure in your body?

body temperature pH level salt concentration

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

contains thymine in place of uracil.

The reaction that joins two monomers to form a polymer is known as a _____ reaction. The molecule of water formed is due to the interaction between _____ and a hydrogen ion.

dehydration ... a hydroxyl group

What is the process by which cells link monomers together to form polymers?

dehydration reaction

DNA nucleotides are composed of _____.

deoxyribose sugars, which are bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Lactose intolerance is the inability to

digest lactose

Lactose intolerance

does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice.

Proteins cannot be denatured by

freezing

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants

glycogen . . . starch

Structural proteins are found in

hair and tendons

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

hydrolysis

The oil and vinegar in your salad dressing remain separate from one another due to the _____ properties of the oil.

hydrophobic

What is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water?

hydrophobic

Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.

immune

If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that

is liquid at room temperature

Peptide bonds

link amino acids.

Polymers that contain sugars

may store hereditary information. may store energy. may protect cells

Nucleic acids are polymers of

nucleotides

Anabolic steroids are prescribed to _____.

people who suffer from muscle-debilitating diseases

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

phospholipids

Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from

plants

In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?

starch

The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____

starch

When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is _____

structural support

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein.

structure . . . function

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

the chemical properties of their R groups.

The "primary structure" of a protein refers to _____.

the number and sequence of amino acids

Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured? the number of amino acids in the protein the shape of the protein the function of the protein the binding properties of the protein

the number of amino acids in the protein

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to

the overall three-dimensional structure

Proteins differ from one another because

the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because

their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

to speed up chemical reactions

A disaccharide forms when

two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis

When an RNA strand forms using DNA as a template, _____.

uracil pairs with adenine and cytosine pairs with guanine

Which statement is true of sucrose? a) It's a disaccharide. (b) It contains glucose. (c) It's table sugar. Both (a) and (c). (a), (b), and (c).

(a), (b), and (c).