Bio Chapter 3 hw
Select the hydrocarbon from the following choices CO2 C3H8 H2CO3 C6H12O6
C3H8
Which is an organic molecule? H2O Ne CH4 NaCl
CH4
What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?
Glucose
A polysaccharide that we use for storing energy in our muscles and livers is _____.
Glycogen
Which of the four structures would be affected when a protein is denatured?
Tertiary
Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction?
The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar.
A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____
Unsaturated
The peptide bond is _____.
a covalent bond
Dehydration reactions _____. They do so by _____.
link monomers to form a polymer ... removing a water molecule
Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?
lipids
Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be
unsaturated
A phospholipid is composed of
one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.
phospholipids
Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.
polymer ... glucose molecules
DNA carries the instructions for building _____, and these instructions are found in informational units called ____
polypeptides ... genes
The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in
saturated fats
Ovalbumin is a
storage protein
What does the term amino acid signify about the structure of the molecule?
It consists of an amino group and a carboxyl group.
What does a transport protein do?
It moves a substance across the cell membrane
Which of the following is an amino group? ―CO ―NH2 ―OH ―COOH
-NH2
Many names for sugars end in the suffix
-ose
Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food. One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. H2O is formed as the monomers are joined.
Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.
What do phospholipids and cholesterol have in common?
Both are important components of cell membranes.
Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? C45H84O8P4 C51H98O6 C50H100O50 C22H49O10N5
Carbohydrates have molecular formulas that are multiples of CH2O. C50H100O50
Which of the following statements about Carbon is false? Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms. Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons." Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.
Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.
Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____.
Cellulose
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____.
DNA
____ provides directions for its own replication. It also directs cell activities by providing instructions for building proteins
DNA
The structure of DNA is a ____, held together by the complementary base-pairing of cytosine with guanine, and adenine with thymine.
Double helix
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is stored in the liver and muscle cells of animals. When glucose, the monomeric subunit found in glycogen, is required for energy, glycogen is broken down through a process known as _____.
Hydrolysis
Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal. Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare
Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.
The monomers of nucleic acid consists of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, an a
Nitrogenous base
RNA usually consists of a single ____ strand.
Polynucleotide
A gene provides the directions to build a molecule of___; the genetic instructions it carries are then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein
RNA
How does DNA differ from RNA?
RNA contains ribose, DNA does not.
A polynucleotide has a repeating____ backbone.
Sugar-phosphate
The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the _____
Tertiary Structure
Which of the following statements about enzymes is false? They increase the rate of chemical reactions. They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell. They function as chemical catalysts. They are monomers used to build proteins.
They are monomers used to build proteins.
Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is false? They cause a general buildup of muscle mass. They promote bone growth. They often cause the body to reduce its normal output of sex hormones. They can stimulate mood swings and violent behavior.
They promote bone growth
Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false? Triglycerides are hydrophilic. Triglycerides are a type of fat. Triglycerides play a role in energy storage. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.
Triglycerides are hydrophilic.
When calorie intake is low, proteins are the last resource the body uses for fuel. What is the reason for this?
When the body uses proteins as fuel, it is breaking down substances vital to its structure and essential functions
In a hydrolysis reaction, _____. In this process, water is _____.
a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... consumed
Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____
adding hydrogens
An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by
adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
Organic compounds
always contain Carbon
Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein? an alpha helix a particular amino acid sequence a globular shape the joining of two polypeptide chains
an alpha helix
Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____.
as fuel
Which condition are relevant, to some extent, to the maintenance of protein structure in your body?
body temperature pH level salt concentration
DNA differs from RNA because DNA
contains thymine in place of uracil.
The reaction that joins two monomers to form a polymer is known as a _____ reaction. The molecule of water formed is due to the interaction between _____ and a hydrogen ion.
dehydration ... a hydroxyl group
What is the process by which cells link monomers together to form polymers?
dehydration reaction
DNA nucleotides are composed of _____.
deoxyribose sugars, which are bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
Lactose intolerance is the inability to
digest lactose
Lactose intolerance
does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice.
Proteins cannot be denatured by
freezing
The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants
glycogen . . . starch
Structural proteins are found in
hair and tendons
The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by
hydrolysis
The oil and vinegar in your salad dressing remain separate from one another due to the _____ properties of the oil.
hydrophobic
What is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water?
hydrophobic
Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.
immune
If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that
is liquid at room temperature
Peptide bonds
link amino acids.
Polymers that contain sugars
may store hereditary information. may store energy. may protect cells
Nucleic acids are polymers of
nucleotides
Anabolic steroids are prescribed to _____.
people who suffer from muscle-debilitating diseases
A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is
phospholipids
Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from
plants
In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?
starch
The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____
starch
When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is _____
structural support
Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein.
structure . . . function
Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
the chemical properties of their R groups.
The "primary structure" of a protein refers to _____.
the number and sequence of amino acids
Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured? the number of amino acids in the protein the shape of the protein the function of the protein the binding properties of the protein
the number of amino acids in the protein
The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to
the overall three-dimensional structure
Proteins differ from one another because
the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.
Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because
their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.
What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?
to speed up chemical reactions
A disaccharide forms when
two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis
When an RNA strand forms using DNA as a template, _____.
uracil pairs with adenine and cytosine pairs with guanine
Which statement is true of sucrose? a) It's a disaccharide. (b) It contains glucose. (c) It's table sugar. Both (a) and (c). (a), (b), and (c).
(a), (b), and (c).