Bio Chapter 41 Section 1

local elimination of a particular species that results from strong competition

competitive exclusion

states that two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place

competitive exclusion principle

or camouflage, makes prey difficult to spot (type of coloration)

cryptic coloration

An earthworm that feeds on the remains of plants and animals is acting as a _____.

detritivore

all species living in the same place

ecological community

the specific set of biotic and abiotic resources used by an individual (ecological role)

ecological niche

Parasites that live on the external surface of a host are

ectoparasites

Parasites that live within the body of their host are called

endoparasites

(+/+ or 0/+) is an interaction in which one species has positive effects on another species without direct and intimate contact (broad effect)

facilitation

range of physical and chemical conditions needed for survival. The total space & time that a species could occupy if there were no other species to interact with. Limits are abiotic.

fundamental niche

the niche that is POTENTIALLY occupied by a species

fundamental niche

Name the five levels of organization in order

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

(+/− interaction) refers to an interaction in which an herbivore eats parts of a plant or alga

Herbivory (see slide 30)

two or more unedible species resemble each other (type of mimicry)

Müllerian mimicry

Which of these is a starting point for primary succession?

a surface exposed by a retreating glacier

Animals with effective chemical defenses often exhibit (type of coloration)

aposematic coloration

The term used to describe a harmless organism resembling a harmful one is _____.

batesian mimicry

an edible or harmless species mimics an unedible or harmful model (type of mimicry)

batesian mimicry (see slide 26)

an assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction

biological community

(+/0 interaction), one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped

commensalism

occurs when species compete for a resource that limits their growth or survival (-,-)

interspecific competition

ecologists call relationships between species in a community

interspecific interactions

species whose absence would cause major disruption in a community

keystone

(+/+ interaction), is an interspecific interaction that benefits both species

mutualism

range of space & time that a species occupies based on limitations of interactions with other species. Limits are biotic interactions

realized niche

the niche that is ACTUALLY occupied by a species

realized niche

(+/− interaction), one organism, the parasite, derives nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process

parasitism

(+/− interaction) refers to an interaction in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey

predation

A cow eating grass is an example of a _____.

primary consumer

In an ecosystem, phytoplankton are _____.

producers

_____ _______ reduces the impacts of competition through differences in organisms ecological niches

resource partitioning (example is two lizards, one prefers sunny places, the other prefers shady spots)

When a human eats a steak, the human is acting as a _____.

secondary consumer

a relationship where two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another

symbiosis

A human who just ate a hamburger is eaten by a shark while swimming. The shark is acting as a _____.

tertiary consumer

According to MacArthur and Wilson's hypothesis of island biogeography, species immigration and extinction rates on a particular island correlate to _____.

the island's size and distance from the mainland