bio exam 2

Which of the following statements is correct concerning energy? A. It can be converted from one type to another B. ADP is a primary source of potential energy for all organisms C. It can be created D. ATP is a form of kinetic energy E. All of the above statements are correct

A. It can be converted from one type to another

From the case study, we completed in class, the Mystery of the Seven Deaths, what effect did cyanide have on the electron transport chain and the production of ATP? A. It would shut down the ETC and ATP production B. It actually would not affect the ETC at all C. It would stimulate the ETC to produce more ATP D. Glycolysis would more likely be affected by cyanide

A. It would shut down the ETC and ATP production

The role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of animal cells is to A. Keep the plasma membrane flexible, especially at low temperatures B. Form thickened membranes that are stronger and less easily punctured C. Help transport polar molecules across the plasma membrane D. Act as a receptor for hormones such as estrogen and testosterone E. Help cells recognize each other, acting as a "fingerprint" on the outside of the cell

A. Keep the plasma membrane flexible, especially at low temperatures

You just purchased a really cool lamp that has a yellow plastic shade that surrounds the bulb. You put a plant under the lamp but it dies within a week. What has happened? A. The yellow light produced by the lamp can not be utilized for photosynthesis B. Plants can not live under artificial lighting C. You obviously have bad taste and the plant was not meant to sit by this new lamp D. Something is wrong with the plant's chlorophyll

A. The yellow light produced by the lamp can not be utilized for photosynthesis

Which of the following statements is false regarding the electron transport chain? A. Electrons from coenzymes (electron carrier molecules) are used to pump H+ against its concentration gradient B. ATP is required to move the electrons through the ETC C. ATP synthase allows a phosphate (PO4) to be attached to ADP D. Oxygen is required to keep the ETC running

B. ATP is required to move the electrons through the ETC

The purpose of chlorophyll is to A. Make ATP B. Absorb light C. Make NADPH D. Make FADH2 E. Let CO2 enter the plant

B. Absorb light

When discussing HIV, you learned that some people are resistant to certain viral infections, meaning the virus can never infect their cells. If you were to guess why it would be... A. They have superior immune system B. Because their cells are lacking the proper type of receptor for the virus to infect C. They live in sterile environments and never come in contact with any type of viruses D. Any of these are correct

B. Because their cells are lacking the proper type of receptor for the virus to infect

Where do most of the new mass of a plant come from as it grows? A. Nutrients in soil B. Capture of carbon dioxide C. Absorbed water D. Capture of oxygen gas E. Sunlight

B. Capture of carbon dioxide

What will occur if oxygen is not available in great enough quantity during cellular respiration? A. Nothing will change since oxygen is not required for cellular respiration. B. Cellular respiration will shift towards anaerobic respiration. C. The number of ATP produced will increase D. CO2 will not be able to fix itself to the Calvin cycle

B. Cellular respiration will shift towards anaerobic respiration.

During cellular respiration, the primary items needed from glucose are _____ and the waste product created from glucose will be _____. A. Electrons and carbon dioxide; water B. Electrons and hydrogen ions; carbon dioxide C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide; pyruvate D. Oxygen and electrons; water

B. Electrons and hydrogen ions; carbon dioxide

Phospholipids have a _____ glycerol head and _____ hydrocarbon tails A. Hydroponic; hydrophobic B. Hydrophilic; hydrophobic C. Hydrophobic; hydrophilic D. Hypertonic; osmotic E. Isotonic; hypotonic

B. Hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Th burning of fossil fuels is related to increased levels of atmospheric CO2 levels. This might seem like a good thing for plants, but in reality, it's not. Which would be the best explanation for this? A. Increased CO2 levels let heat in the atmosphere which reduces temperature and kills many plants B. Increased CO2 levels trap heat in the atmosphere which may change climates and prevent certain plant species from surviving C. Increased levels of CO2 are toxic to plants D. Increased levels of CO2 increase plant growth so quickly that it disturbed environmental relationships

B. Increased CO2 levels trap heat in the atmosphere which may change climates and prevent certain plant species from surviving

Glucose is not directly made in the light or Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis. Where does it come from? A. It is made by using energy to directly convert 02 to glucose B. It is made from 2 G3P molecules that are made during the Calvin cycle C. Animals expel it as waste product D. It is made by combining the products of both photosystems

B. It is made from 2 G3P molecules that are made during the Calvin cycle

Which statement is false concerning ATP? A. It is a form of potential energy B. It requires energy input to release a phosphate C. It stores energy in its bonds D. It contains three phosphate groups E. All of these statements are true

B. It requires energy input to release a phosphate

Glucose undergoes two transformations before it can enter the citric acid cycle. First, it is split into two _____ molecules. Then these two molecules are further modified into _____. A. Acetyl-CoA; NADH B. Pyruvate; Acetyl-CoA C. Pyruvate; Glycogen D. FADH2; NADH

B. Pyruvate; Acetyl-CoA

Bread dough contains yeast which causes the bread dough to rise. Cakes rise by the release of CO2 from baking soda. If you made a cake and a loaf of bread using the same amounts of sugar (glucose), which would end up tasting sweeter? A. The bread would be sweeter because glucose is made during fermentation B. The cake would be sweeter because the sugar in the bread would be consumed by the yeast performing glycolysis C. The cake and the bread would be equally sweet because they used the same amount of sugar D. The cake would be sweeter because the sweetness would not be obscured by the flavor of yeast

B. The cake would be sweeter because the sugar in the bread would be consumed by the yeast performing glycolysis

In photosynthesis , gaseous oxygen (O2) is released. This comes from a compound that goes into photosynthesis. Which compound is it? A. Glucose (C6H1206) B. Water (H2O) C. NADPH D. ATP E. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

B. Water (H2O)

Put these events of aerobic cellular respiration in order... 1. Glucose is broken down to pyruvate 2. NADH and FADH2 drops off electrons and H+ to the e.t.c 3. A small amount of ATP is invented 4. Coenzyme A is added to an Acetyl molecule 5. FAD is converted to FADH2 6. A large amount of ATP is produced A. 1,3,4,5,6,2 B. 1,2,3,4,5,6 C. 3,1,4,5,2,6 D. 3,1,2,4,6,5 E. 2,3,1,4,5,6

C. 3,1,4,5,2,6

Which is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? A. A pile of leaves that have been burnt B. Firefly using light flashes to attract a male C. An apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules D. A skier at the bottom of the hill compared to the top of the hill E. A candle giving off light

C. An apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

An animal is kept in a sealed container by itself. What would happen to the gases in the container? A. O2 would increase and CO2 would decrease B. Both O2 and CO2 would decrease C. CO2 would increase and O2 would decrease D. Both O2 and CO2 would increase

C. CO2 would increase and O2 would decrease

Glycolysis occurs in the _____, the citric acid cycle occurs in the _____, and the electron transport chain occurs in the _____. A. Mitochondria; mitochondria; mitochondrial inner membrane B. Cytoplasm; chloroplast; chloroplast, inner membrane C. Cytoplasm; mitochondria; mitochondrial inner membrane D. It depends on if it's a plant or animal

C. Cytoplasm; mitochondria; mitochondrial inner membrane

You eat a chocolate bar to get you through a late-night studying session. Quickly your body begins to break down the macromolecules in the candy and utilize the sugars, lipids, and protein to make AT. Which of the following is a step in the process of breaking down the candy's macromolecules? A. Two Acetyl-CoA molecules go through the electron transport chain. B. Citric acid cycle converts the glucose to two molecules of pyruvate C. Glycolysis converts glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules that move on to the preparation step D. Breakdown of Acetyl-CoA produces two molecules of pyruvate E. The sugars are broken down to amino acids and while the lipids are broken down to Acetyl-CoA molecules. No energy is produced in this first step.

C. Glycolysis converts glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules that move on to the preparation step

Glycolysis and citric acid cycle are similar in that they both produce A. CO2 B. NADPH C. ATP D. NADPH & ATP E. ADP

D. NADPH & ATP

Which of the following sequences accurately represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? A. NADPH to Calvin cycle to O2 B. NADPH to 02 to CO2 C. H2O to NADPH to Calvin cycle D. H20 to ATP to Calvin cycle E. NADPH to chlorophyll to Calvin cycle

C. H2O to NADPH to Calvin cycle

People who have chronic swelling (fluid accumulation in the cells) sometimes use baths with Epsom salts added to reduce their swelling. In this case, they use pure water for the bath but then add large quantities of the Epsom salt to the bath water. In this example, the salt bath would be considered _____ and water would _____. A. Hypertonic; enter the cells B. Hypotonic; leave the cells C. Hypertonic; leave the cells D. Hypotonic; enter the cells E. Isotonic; have no net movement

C. Hypertonic; leave the cells

If a cell is put into a solution with a higher concentration of solute than is present inside the cell, the solution is _____. The cell will _____. If a cell is put into a solution with a lower concentration of solute than is present inside the cell, the solution is _____. The cell will _____. A. Hypertonic; die; hypotonic; live B. Hypotonic; shrink; hypertonic; swell C. Hypertonic; shrink; hypotonic; swell D. Hypertonic; live; hypotonic; die E. Hypertonic; swell; hypotonic; shrink

C. Hypertonic; shrink; hypotonic; swell

Your friend has been on a diet and loses 15 pounds of fat. After studying cellular respiration how can you explain the weight loss? A. It was released as oxygen and water B. It was broken down into amino acids and eliminated from the body C. It was released as carbon dioxide and water D. It was converted to urine and feces to be eliminated from the body E. It was converted to ATP which weighs much less than fat

C. It was released as carbon dioxide and water

Which of the following is not a part of the Calvin cycle reactions? A. Carbon fixation B. Release of G3P/Glucose molecules C. Splitting of H20 D. Regeneration of the starting molecule

C. Splitting of H20

Oxygen acts as the _____ for the electron transport chain and accepts _____ turning into a molecule of _____. A. Terminal electron acceptor, electrons, Acetyl CoA B. Coenzyme, electrons, pyruvate C. Terminal electron acceptor, hydrogens, water D. Electron carrier, hydrogens, water

C. Terminal electron acceptor, hydrogens, water

You have purchased two nearly identical plants for your dorm room. One plant will be a control plant receiving only water. The second plant will receive both water and a recommended dose of fertilizer. Two months later, you find that the fertilized plant is a little bigger than the control plant. What is the best explanation for this? A. The fertilized plant was most likely in a position where it received more light causing it to grow faster B. The fertilizer provided extra glucose for the plant to grow faster C. The fertilizer contained elements needed for the plant to produce more chlorophyll D. The control plant may not have been as healthy to start with E. None of these are adequate explanations

C. The fertilizer contained elements needed for the plant to produce more chlorophyll

Some plants grow much more quickly than others. Which statement best describes a plant growing at a rapid rate? A. The rate of photosynthesis and cellular respiration must be equal B. The rate of cellular respiration exceeds the rate of photosynthesis C. The rate of photosynthesis exceeds the rate of cellular respiration D. Any of the scenarios describes a rapidly growing plant

C. The rate of photosynthesis exceeds the rate of cellular respiration

Your roommate has spent the last year on a junk food diet. They do not seem to have too much energy and ask you to explain what might be wrong. Your best guess is that they may be deficient in B vitamins. What specifically might they be lacking if they don't have enough B vitamins? A. NAD+ B. Coenzyme A C. FAD D. All of these

D. All of these

Fermentation is a necessary step during anaerobic respiration... A. Because FADH2 must be recycled back to FAD in order for glycolysis to continue B. So that toxic products are made as a defensive strategy against predators and parasites C. Because a net gain of 2 ATP molecules are generated at the end of fermentation, and this is the only source of energy for the cell during anaerobic respiration D. Because NADH must be recycled back to NAD+ in order for glycolysis to continue

D. Because NADH must be recycled back to NAD+ in order for glycolysis to continue

A plant reflects yellow/red light. This type of plant contains a higher concentration of A. Rubisco B. Glucose C. Chlorophyll D. Cartenoids

D. Carotenoids

Which of the following is an example of osmosis? A. Glucose is transported from our bloodstream across cell membranes and into the cytoplasm B. A bacterium in the bloodstream is engulfed by a white blood cell C. A broken bottle of perfume is able o be smelled throughout the department store D. Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine E. Sodium is pumped across a cell to increase its concentration on one side of the cell membrane

D. Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine

In which of the following segments of aerobic respirations is oxygen required? A. Glycolysis B. Preparatory reaction C. Citric acid cycle D. Electron transport chain E. All of these require 02

D. Electron transport chain

A lysosome has just joined with a food vacuole and completed digestion of food that was recently ingested by the cell. What remains in the vacuole are materials unable to be used by the cell. What bulk transport mechanism will be responsible for removing the waste from the cell? A. Phagocytosis B. Pinocytosis C. Endocytosis D. Exocytosis

D. Exocytosis

Which of the following products of the photo reactions of photosynthesis are later employed in the Calvin cycle reactions? A. NADPH & ADP B. ADP & RuBP C. NADP+ & ATP D. NADPH & ATP E. Glucose & ATP

D. NADPH & ATP

Which one of the following statements best represents the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis? A. Photosynthesis reverses the reactions of cellular respiration B. Cellular respiration occurs only in animals and photosynthesis in plants C. Photosynthesis occurs only in the day and cellular respiration occurs only at night D. Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules like glucose, while cellular respiration releases it E. Cellular respiration stores energy in complex organic molecules, while photosynthesis releases it

D. Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules like glucose, while cellular respiration releases it

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? A. Regulating heat B. Site of some enzymic reactions C. Taking in nutrients D. Protein production E. Disposing of waste products

D. Protein production

Think about the cycle of carbon dioxide within organisms. Carbon dioxide that is a product of _____ in animal cells is exhaled and is a required reactant of the _____ reactions of photosynthesis in plants . A. The electron transport chain; Calvin cycle B. Glycolysis; Calvin cycle C. Glycolysis; light D. The citric acid cycle; Calvin cycle E. None of the choices are correct

D. The citric acid cycle; Calvin cycle

Your biology teacher loves to bring in demos and hands-on activities. This semester she brought in eggs with the outer shells dissolved and that had then been placed in various solutions for several days... Which answer best describes what you observed? A. The eggs placed in water were in a hypertonic solution were swollen and gained a massive amount of water B. The eggs placed in water were in a hypotonic solution were very small as they had lost a massive amount of water C. The eggs placed in water were in a hypertonic solution used ATP to move water into the cell D. The eggs placed in water were hypotonic solution were swollen and gained a massive amount of water

D. The eggs placed in water were hypotonic solution were swollen and gained a massive amount of water

Which of these does not perform cellular respiration? A. Alligators B. Humans C. Plants D. They all perform cellular respiration

D. They all perform cellular respiration

The light-harvesting complexes of a chloroplast are located in the _____; the enzyme of the Calvin cycle reactions are in the _____. A. Stroma; thylakoid center B. Stroma; mitochondria C. Stroma; thylakoid membrane D. Thylakoid membrane; stroma

D. Thylakoid membrane; stroma

The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity? A. To maintain the membrane's fluidity B. To catalyze reactions that are crucial to the cell's functioning C. To transport molecules across the membrane D. To allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body E. To attach to the interior of the cell and maintain the cell in a position relative to other cells

D. To allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could cell obtain more calcium? A. Passive transport B. Pinocytosis C. Diffusion D. Osmosis E. Active transport

E. Active transport

In plant cells, chloroplasts A. Play an important role in the breakdown of plant toxins B. Are the site of conversion of light energy into chemical energy C. Serve the same purpose that mitochondria serve in animal cells D. Have a small amount of their own DNA E. Both b.) and d.) are correct

E. Both b.) and d.) are correct

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it A. Does not require control by the nucleus B. Requires energy from the cell C. Requires transport protein D. Moves molecules from low to high concentration E. Does not require energy from the cell

E. Does not require energy from the cell

When a potted house plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements A. The water creates an isotonic environment that allows for the cells to neither gain nor lose water B. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing cells to lose water C. The water creates a hypertonic environment causing cells to gain water D. The water creates a hypertonic environment causing cells to lose water E. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing cells to gain water

E. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing cells to gain water

In the fall, most of the trees outside don't have leaves. How are they getting the energy they need to stay alive? A. They are only performing photosynthesis in their branches and trunks in the fall B. They are in a dormant stage and are performing neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration in the fall C. They are only performing the Calvin cycle reactions in the fall D. They are only performing the light reactions in the fall E. They are only performing cellular respiration in the fall

E. They are only performing cellular respiration in the fall