Bio Exam AP Psychology (Neurons and Brain)

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery? A. Computerized axial tomography B. Stereotaxic examination C. Retrograde degeneration D. Biofeedback E. Ablation

A. Computerized axial tomography

In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug? A. Depressant B. Narcotic C. Psychoactive D. Stimulant E. Hallucinogen

A. Depressant

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are A. SSRIs B. benzodiazepines C. antipsychotics D. antihistamines E. stimulants

A. SSRIs

What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow? A. Memory function B. Sleeping, waking, and dreaming C. Problem solving D. Regulation of body temperature E. Emotional responses

B. Sleeping, waking, and dreaming

Which of the following is classified as an antagonist? A. Cocaine, because it floods the brain with dopamine. B. Mescaline, because it floods the brain with dopamine. C. An amphetamine, because they lead to increased central nervous system activity. D. A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. E. Prozac®, because it blocks the reuptake of serotonin.

D. A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.

In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

E. E

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? A. Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors B. Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors C. Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons D. Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons E. Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons

A. Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by A. afferent neurons B. Schwann cells C. T cells D. efferent neurons E. neuroglia

A. afferent neurons

When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is A. an opiate B. an amphetamine C. a depressant D. a hallucinogen E. a stimulant

A. an opiate

Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an A. antagonist B. agonist C. inhibitory postsynaptic potential(IPSP) D. excitatory postsynaptic potential(EPSP) E. excitatory neurotransmitter

A. antagonist

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety? A. The central nervous system B. The sympathetic nervous system C. The parasympathetic nervous system D. The endocrine system E. The vestibular system

B. The sympathetic nervous system

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain? A. Occipital lobe B. Wernicke's area C. Auditory cortex D. Parietal lobe E. Basal ganglia

B. Wernicke's area

Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as A. a hallucinogen B. a depressant C. a neurotransmitter D. an antagonist E. an agonist

B. a depressant

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as A. a hallucinogen, because it has the reverse effect of an agonist B. an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter C. an antagonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter D. a reuptake inhibitor, because it increases activity of the central nervous system E. a stimulant, because it increases activity of the central nervous system

B. an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in A. cognitive states B. autonomic arousal C. parasympathetic functioning D. motivational level E. neurotransmitter level

B. autonomic arousal

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the A. right cerebral hemisphere B. left cerebral hemisphere C. occipital lobe D. corpus callosum E. cerebellum

B. left cerebral hemisphere

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for A. pairs of twins reared together is greater than the correlation for pairs of twins reared apart B. pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins C. pairs of fraternal twins is greater than the correlation for other pairs of siblings D. adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than zero E. adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than the correlation for the same children and their biological parents

B. pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that A. differences observed among participants of different ages are usually due to differences in the environment in which they were reared B. participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who do not drop out C. unfamiliarity with testing situations can put older participants at a disadvantage D. personality traits do not remain constant across the life span E. men and women confront different developmental crises in the course of their lives because of their different social roles

B. participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who do not drop out

An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the A. left visual cortex B. right visual cortex C. right side of the left retina D. left side of the right retina E. sensory cortex

B. right visual cortex

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a A. speech deficit B. visual deficit C. motor deficit D. hearing loss E. slower heart rate

B. visual deficit

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures? A. Dendrites B. Nodes of Ranvier C. Axon terminals D. Mitochondria E. Glial cells

C. Axon terminals

Caffeine and nicotine are in the same class as which of the following drugs? A. Marijuana B. Valium C. Cocaine D. Alcohol E. Peyote

C. Cocaine

In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain? A. Speech B. Writing C. Spatial reasoning D. Reading comprehension E. Language comprehension

C. Spatial reasoning

Which of the following studies demonstrates a cross-sectional research design? A. Testing the first graders, and testing them again when they are in third grade B. Testing first graders at the end of the school year C. Testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year D. Observing first graders as they test in two different subject areas E. Observing first graders as they interact with either third graders or fifth graders

C. Testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following? A. Calmness B. A coma C. Memory loss D. Aggression E. Sleep

D. Aggression

A double-blind control is essential for which of the following? A. A study comparing the IQ test scores of children from different educational systems B. A study of relationships among family members C. An experiment to determine the effect of a food reward on the bar-pressing rate of a rat D. Assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms E. A survey of drug use among teenagers

D. Assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following? A. The basal ganglia B. Wernicke's area C. The substantia nigra D. Broca's area E. The inferior colliculi

D. Broca's area

In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living human brain to examine activity? A. Lesioning B. Electroencephalogram(EEG) C. Computerized axial tomography(CAT) D. Positron-emission tomography(PET) E. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)

D. Positron-emission tomography(PET)

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in A. driving a car B. reading a textbook C. sensing panful stimuli D. digesting food E. experiencing pain

D. digesting food

Lucid dreaming occurs when people A. do not experience REM sleep B. experience night terrors C. eat large meals immediately before going to sleep D. have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming E. hallucinate

D. have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the A. suprachiasmatic nucleus B. cerebellum C. limbic system D. medulla E. hippocampus

D. medulla

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the A. angular gyrus B. hippocampus C. parasympathetic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system E. ventricular system

D. sympathetic nervous system

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as A. the action potential B. the threshold difference C. specific energy of the nerve D. the absolute refractory phrase E. depolarization

D. the absolute refractory phrase

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following? A. An increase in pupil dilation B. An increase in respiratory rate C. A decrease in digestion D. A decrease in salivation E. A decrease in heart rate

E. A decrease in heart rate

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters? A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B. Serotonin C. Norepinephrine D. Dopamine E. Acetylcholine

E. Acetylcholine

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear? A. Hippocampus B. Thalamus C. Cerebellum D. Hypothalamus E. Amygdala

E. Amygdala

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms? A. Forgetfulness B. Hearing difficulties C. Difficulty controlling balance and coordination D. Difficulty controlling emotions E. Difficulty with speech production

E. Difficulty with speech production

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter? A. Epinephrine B. Endorphins C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) D. Substance P E. Dopamine

E. Dopamine

James was born with a condition that makes it impossible for him to metabolize certain proteins. Due to early screening and a special diet, he was able to avoid developing potentially serious symptoms. Which of the following disorders does James have? A. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) B. Down syndrome C. Autistic disorder D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) E. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

E. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a liver enzyme which, if not treated soon after birth, may eventually lead to profound mental retardation? A. Down syndrome B. Tay-Sachs disease C. Fetal alcohol syndrome D. Toxoplasmosis E. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

E. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following brain regions is indicated by the arrow? A. Cerebellum B. Amygdala C. Hypothalamus D. Hippocampus E. Pons

E. Pons

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose? A. Computed tomography (CT) B. Electrooculography (EOG) C. Electroencephalography (EEG) D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E. Positron emission tomography (PET)

E. Positron emission tomography (PET)

The diagram above depicts the human body's A. immune system B. somatic nervous system C. parasympathetic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system E. endocrine system

E. endocrine system

Brain lateralization refers to the A. ability of the brain to process multisensory information B. capacity of the brain to control basic motor movements C. aptitude of the brain to produce speech D. ability of the brain to control basic functions such as respiration and blood circulation E. inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

E. inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all A. hormones excreted by the endocrine glands B. secretions of the exocrine glands C. drugs used in the therapeutic treatment of memory disorders D. enzymes involved with the degradation of interneuron signals E. neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

E. neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse