bio final
a biological catalyst
An enzyme is:
diffusion
The natural tendency of molecules to move from higher to lower concentrations is:
thymine, guanine
The nitrogen base pairs in the DNA molecule are: adenine and cytosine and
morphology
The taxon "species" may be defined by the following two concepts: reproductive isolation and
false
The taxonomic classification of all organisms is certain.
silicon
The tiny exoskeleton of a diatom is mostly composed of
true
Twenty-three is the haploid number of chromosomes in man.
zygote
a fertilized egg
organismal theory
a functioning organism represents life
Penicillium chrysogenum
a fungi known for the production of an antibiotic
kind
a group of organisms that are capable of reproducing more of that group
peptidoglycan
A bacteria culture that has a high concentration of ___________ in the cell wall will stain Gram-positive.
initially by meiosis, then by mitosis
By what reproductive mechanism does a haplontic animal grow?
speed up
Catalysts and enzymes are known to __________________a chemical reaction, but not be consumed in the reaction.
diploid
Cells or organisms having pairs of homologous chromosomes are:
meristematic
Cells that multiply and produce growth at various parts of a plant are:
a molecule may consist of two similar elements chemically bonded and A compound consists of two or more distinct atoms
Check the correct statements regarding a compound and a molecule:
complex information and detailed instructions
Genetic codes contain:
false
If the parent genotypes are Aa and Aa, only two possible genotypes are among the offspring.
outer
In bonding of any type, the___________ level electrons are involved.
outer energy level electrons are gained and lost
In the process of ionic bonding:
subjective
Interpretations based upon emotions or opinion are considered:
inorganic
Ionic bonds usually hold _________ compounds together.
fixity of species
Linnaeus
cytoplasm
Protoplasm consists of the chemicals contained within the plasma ____________ and nucleus.
False
Ribosomal RNA is produced in the cytoplasm.
false
Ribosomes are made from RNA.
false
Starch is a monosaccharide.
?????
Two characteristics of dicots are:
mitral
between the left atrium and the left ventricle
aortic
between the left ventricle and the aorta
tricuspid
between the right atrium and the right ventricle
pulmonary
between the right ventricle and the lungs
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
nucleus
control center of the cell
plasma membrane
controls what comes into and goes out of the cell
false
The lungs contain elastic muscle tissue to permit inhalation.
mutation and change
The mismatch of a DNA base pair during duplication can result in a _____.
genetic variability
The most significant characteristic of sexual reproduction is:
gametes
The only haploid cells in an organism are the
acts as a selective gatekeeper
The plasma membrane of a human cell:
3:1
phenotype ratio
bb
recessive alleles
lysis
self-regulating process to maintain water level
virulence
the ability of a virus to cause disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
the bacteria responsible for Lyme Disease
family
the name given to the 5th taxo
Taxonomy
the science of classification
taxonomy
the science of classification
Phytophthera infestans
the water mold that causes late blight in potatoes
fertilization
union of egg and sperm
the process when green plants and some organisms use sunlight for foods from carbon dioxide and water.
what is photosynthesis?
electrons of a neutral atom always equal the number of protons
which statement is correct?
amino acids
Proteins are made up of chemical compounds known as:
budding
asexual reproduction of yeast by pinching-off
sparrow
the common name of a bird species
viroid
A pathogenic RNA molecule is called a
it contains coded information
What characteristic is completely unique about DNA?
population
all organisms of a kind in an area
they all contain C, O, H and the ratio of H to C is fixed at 2:1
Concerning carbohydrates that form from photosynthesis:
attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, release
List the five steps of a lytic viral replication cycle in order.
false
Man has a haploid life cycle.
X ^bX^ b X^ b Y
Mark the genotypes which express hemophilia.
true
Meiosis has two divisions.
false
Taxonomy is a rigorous, objective science.
vacuole
large storage structures
kingdom
the largest taxon
kidney
The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the
false
The protoplasm and cytoplasm of a plant are interchangeable terms.
low
The relative concentration of water in a hypertonic solution is:
true
The simplest operational cell is still more complex than a computer.
electrons
The subatomic particles/ units which govern potential chemical reactions among elements are:
Epiglottis
The tissue which diverts food from the trachea upon swallowing is the
ribonucleic acid
The transfer of information from the nucleus to organelles is accomplished by:
radius, ulna
The two bones of the lower arm are:
xylem phloem
The vascular cambium cells differentiate into:
wheat
Today's most widely grown food is:
false
Viruses are capable of replication outside the host cell.
liquid, gas
Water found in animal and human cells is most often found in the _______ phase of matter, and oxygen is found in the _______ phase of matter.
input of energy
What is necessary for reactants to combine chemically?
produces reproductive organs which produce a zygote
What is the function of the gametophyte generation of the fern plant?
filter and purify interstitial liquid returning to the blood
What is the function of the lymph nodes?
short stem
What primary genetic characteristic of wheat dramatically helped wheat production in India?
Blood coming from the cells releases CO 2 and Blood going to cells receives O 2
What takes place through the tissues of the alveoli?
3/4 dominant and 1/4 recessive
What will be the results in the F2 generation after a monohybrid cross?
two molecules are formed, each with an original "upright"
When DNA is duplicated during mitosis:
variations are limited to the confines of a particular taxon, observable changes from one basic kind into another have never been documented
Observations from plant breeding and animal husbandry over thousands of years has shown:
budding
Offspring which arise as a contiguous outgrowth of the parent is called __________
true
One definition of plant life is an uninterrupted succession of cells.
false
One of the main problems of finding a better system of taxonomy is the shortage of kinds of plants and animals to identify.
more info
One of the needs of today's taxonomy is:
true
One reason fungi are no longer classified as plants is the presence of chitin in their cell walls.
true
Organic compounds form polymers.
true
Organic compounds usually contain many atoms.
cell wall
Peptidoglycan is the material found in the bacterial ____________ that forms a molecular basis of the Gram stain.
binary fission
asexual reproduction in which the parent cell divides in two
multiple alleles
The condition whereby a trait is determined by three or more alleles is called
ligaments; tendons
The connective tissue that attaches bone to bone is called __________ and muscle to bone is called ________________.
true
The created "kinds" like "species" is not easy to define
Linnaeus
The currently used binomial nomenclature was developed by _____.
false
The facts of why onion cells produce an onion and not a walnut are well known to scientists.
robert hooke
The first man to describe plant cells was an English physicist named
was introduced during the Renaissance
The first use of using two words as a scientific name:
false
The four organic molecules found in organisms are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and amino acids.
a paired combination of genes
The genotype represents:
small intestine
The liver and pancreas are connected to the:
paralysis
The loss of muscle function due to muscle disease or disease in the nervous system may cause _____.
fruit
The matured ovary of a plant is a:
halophiles
The members of the kingdom Archaea that live in the Dead Sea are known as
false
The meristematic cells of a carrot could produce a tree or an elephant just as easily.
normal flora
The microorganisms commonly found living on the human skin are known as
Agaricus bisporis
common mushrooms found in grocery stores
when the ventricles relax and fill with blood
diastole is:
BB
dominant "pure breed"
cell theory
each cell possesses a life of its own
archegonium
egg-producing organ in lower plants
false
energy plus matter is sufficient for continued development of order, complexity or growth.
chlorophyll
green pigmented chemical
kind
group of organisms with similar characteristics
Bb
hybrid letters
taxa
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
stomate
leaf opening
fermentation
no oxygen
aerobic
oxygen present
cytoplasm
all cellular material outside the nucleus
pathogen
an organism or substance that causes disease
epidermis
an outer covering of cells
cell wall
outer covering around plant cell made of fibrous material
true
Asexual reproduction always yields offspring which are identical to their parent.
root
A successful cutting requires that the new plant acquire its own _________
The decomposition reaction is:
AB A + B
false
Between five and ten different types of cells are in the human body.
nucleic acid
Identify the substance. DNA
the components separate into ions
When salts are dissolved in water:
the sample must have a high probability of representing the population
When using data from population genetics research:
motile
able to move independently
species
defined according to reproductive isolation and morphology
organism
functional plant or animal
oxygen
gas produced in photosynthesis
genetic recombination
Adaptation is possible due to the known mechanism of:
sugar beets
Agronomists have developed two foods that were meant specifically to increase the food supply. They are triticale and
true
Algin is a useful substance derived from brown algae.
gametes
All cells within an organism will have the same number of chromosomes except the
sex
All chromosomes in a diploid cell come in matched pairs except the __________ chromosomes
true
All living things depend upon a genetic code for reproduction.
autosomes
All paired chromosomes which are similar within an organism, except the sex chromosomes, are called _____.
false
All the subatomic particles participate in chemical reactions.
true
All variations within organisms can be explained by the known principles of genetics.
12
An atom that has twelve protons in its nucleus has an atomic number of:
true
An example of parallel choices in a key is "A. flower color is red; AA. flower color is blue."
pupa
An insect is called a ____________during the period of inactivity associated with complete metamorphosis.
proteins
Antibodies, certain hormones, and hemoglobin are all:
organism
Any functional plant or animal with interrelated parts is considered as a(n)
true
Aristotle classified animals into those with red blood and those with nonred blood.
true
As the sample size gets larger, the ratio of the results obtained approaches the theoretical prediction.
transformation
Bacteria share genetic material through the processes of bacterial conjugation, transduction and ________
pulmonary arteries
Blood flowing to the lungs from the heart flows through the
mitosis
By what mechanism does a diplontic animal grow?
mitosis
Cancer is a common disease characterized by uncontrolled
false
Carbohydrates always contain protein.
true
Carbon dioxide levels above normal will increase plant growth.
true
Carbon is ideally suited to form covalent bonds.
respiration, digestion, excretion, reproduction
Choose from the following list the four organ systems which are operational in a amoeba.
gymnosperms
Cone bearing plants are classified as ___________
false
Current scientific methods can conclusively distinguish between all microorganisms
deoxyribose, ribose
DNA is different from RNA in its function and also in its structure. DNA contains _______________ sugar and RNA contains______________ sugar.
parenchyma
Differentiated cells which take on the function of food storage are:
genetics
the science of heredity
genetics
the science of heredity (inheritance)
hyphae
Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called ___________ which group together to form mycelia to perform specific functions.
false
Nearly all the mass of plants comes from well fertilized soil.
a homologous pair
Normally, how many chromosomes are required to determine the outward expression of a trait?
true
Objective evidence is available to "weight" the pro's and con's of origin models.
host
a plant or animal that supports a parasite
Plasmodium vivax
a protozoan known to cause malaria
haploid
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gamete cells with a _____ number of chromosomes.
false
Members of the kingdom Eubacteria are eukaryotes.
anaerobic
Methanogens are able to live in an __________ enviorment
asexual
Mitosis is a form of ____________ reproduction.
false
Most cells remain functioning throughout the duration of the organism by the maintenance function of mitosis.
between pollination and fertilization
About one year is required in the gymnosperm:
cell, organism
According to the Cell Theory, the ____________ is the basic unit of life; according to the Organismal Theory the _____________ is the basic unit.
the release of energy
A chemical reaction in your body in which bonds are broken is associated with:
monohybrid
A cross between plants which differ in only one trait is a _______ cross
plants
A division is always associated with :
false
A frog has experienced complete metamorphosis from a tadpole.
a dictionary
A good example of an artificial system of classification is:
false
A halophile is responsible for spoiling juices.
viral budding
A host cell releases viruses that typically have a lipid covering called an envelope through the process of
false
A hydrogen bond is completed by the transfer of its sole electron to another element.
false
A kingdom may be subdivided into only one Phylum.
fighting disease by phagocytosis or antibody production
A leukocyte is responsible for:
gamete
A male or female reproductive cell is called a
key
A sorting device that is useful in classifying by observation is a:
true
A system of evolutionary taxonomy is structured on the premise of "no plan, purpose or design" regarding the development of organisms.
protein
A virion is able to recognize the correct host cell when the receptor site of the virion and the viral attachment ________ of the host cell match up.
false
A virus is a prokaryote.
Decomposition
A(n) _________ reaction occurs when ionic or covalent bonds are broken and elements, ions, or simpler molecules are formed.
ATP
ADP + 1 high-energy phosphate
true
Evolution theory is based on the supposition that energy plus matter plus natural chemical reactions are sufficient to ultimately produce functioning interrelated complex systems.
rickettsia and viruses
Examples of obligate intracellular parasites that can only replicate inside a host cell are:
true
Genetic information is passed from parent to offspring in the form of DNA molecules.
kingdom ,division, class, order, family, genus, species
Give the taxa for the kingdom "Plantae" from general to specific.
false
Heterozygous genes will always display the recessive trait.
plants usually continue to grow throughout their existence additional numbers of cells are not needed in most animals after maturity
How does mitosis differ in plants and many animals?
lipid
Identify the substance. cholesterol
protein
Identify the substance. hemoglobin
carbohydrate
Identify the substance. sugar
true
If you develop a particular flower which cannot be reproduced from seeds, it could be preserved by grafting.
true
In ancient times people classified plants and animals by use.
noun;adjective
In binomial nomenclature, the genus functions as a(n)_________ , and the species functions as a(n) ____________
true
Plants are living organisms.
angiosperms
Plants which produce their gametes in flowers are called:
false
Problems of world hunger are due to the green plant's inability to produce more food.
Ribosomes in plants and animals
Proteins are made by:
Chromosomes, Genes, DNA
Reproduction by mitosis duplicates:
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
Respiration occurs in three stages, in order:
the presence or absence of a particular erythrocyte protein
Rh blood factor is determined by:
false
Simple cell division of both plants and animals is an identical process.
bacteria
Some leukocytes absorb entire ___________ particles by the process of phagocytosis.
decomposition
Starch being broken down into sugar in the body is a(n)_____________ reaction.
units of C 6H 12O 6
Starch is made up of:
Rr only
Suppose you have pea plants (one trait is dominant over the other) in your garden and find that they produce round seed (R) to wrinkled seeds (r) in the ratio of 3:1. What is the probable genotypes of the round seeds, the P generation, which produced the F1 generation?
common ancestry and similarities of different species
Systems of taxonomy have been established according to the notion of::
paired nitrogen bases
The "steps" of the DNA ladder are made of:
mitochondria
The Krebs cycle takes place within the :
stock
The _________ is the portion of a plant with the root system used in grafting.
true
The absorption of oxygen into individual cells is part of cellular respiration.
conform to established scientific laws
The biblical concepts concerning creation:
codominance
The blood type AB is an example of
decomposition
The breakdown of a polysaccharide into monosaccharides is an example of _____.
false
The cell is not capable of maintaining itself.
cells
The circulatory system removes waste products from:
colors, shape, structure, physical traits
The classification of species by morphology involves:
the amount of carbon dioxide will decrease
When a plant doesn't have enough water, it will wilt and _____ .
bases
When a substance dissociates into OH- ions, they are classified as _______
an artificial system
When a system of classification is based on observation of a predetermined set of factors, it is called:
regeneration
When an animal or plant of many cells breaks up into two or more parts, and when these parts survive to produce a new organism, reproduction occurs by
true
When fats decompose in an organism, energy is released.
from the atmosphere
Where do plants obtain the oxygen necessary to utilize foods?
morphology
Which of the two methods for determining the species taxon would involve greater subjectivity?
RNA reads and translates the DNA code
Which statement correctly relates to DNA and RNA?
CO 2 diffuses passively out of the cell O 2 diffuses passively when converted to CO 2
Which statement(s) corresponds to cellular respiration?
most are monosaccharides and quick source of energy
Which statements are correct relative to carbohydrates?
variations remain within created kinds, all genetic information comes from preexisting genes
Which statements correspond correctly to sexual reproduction?
similar bacteria or protozoa which group together
Which statements describe organisms referred to as "colonial"?
out of
Which way will water flow for the following external solutions? hypertonic: ________ of the cell
because it is capable of forming multiple covalent bonds
Why can carbon bond to many elements simultaneously?
to control the crossing of the traits
Why did Mendel prevent his plants from self-pollinating?
because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits and because coded information cannot arise from random processes
Why is a cell analogous to an engineered watch?
because the external water concentration is greater and because the external salt concentration is less
Why will external fluid flow into a plant cell?
Phospholipids
_____ help the cell membrane to conserve internal fluids.
artificial
__________filtration of the blood is called dialysis.
rhizome
a __________ is a horizontal stem at or just beneath the surface of the ground which can give rise to roots or stems.
a group of organs which perform a common function
a body system consists of
karenia brevis
a dinoflagellate responsible for red tide off the Florida coast
population
a group of organisms living in an area
small intestine
a group of organs which perform a common function
symbiosis
a mutually positive arrangement between species
Homeostasis
self-regulating process to maintain water level
cytokinesis
separation of two ends of an old cell
conjugation
sexual reproduction in some protozoans
nucleolus
small structure(s) within nucleus
all the cells of an organism except the gametes
somatic cells include
a very old science
taxonomy is:
fermentation
the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
binomial nomenclature
two named system that includes Genus and species