Bio Final
When sperm become motile and fully functional, they have undergone __________.
capacitation
Transport of oocytes toward the utureus occurs in the uterine tubes by a combination of __________.
ciliary movement and peristaltic contractions
The hormone that promotes spermatogenesis along the seminiferous tubules is __________.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Starting at the superior end, the uterus in the female is divided into __________.
fundus, body, and cervix
The process of erection involves complex neural procedures that include __________.
increased parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves
In females between the ages of 45 and 55, ovulation and menstruation cease in a phase of life called __________.
menopause
The process of oogenesis produces three nonfunctional polar bodies that eventually disintegrate, plus __________.
one functional ovum
The female gonad is the __________.
ovary
The principal hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is __________.
progesterone
Men over the age of 50 are periodically screened for prostate cancer by measuring the blood for elevated levels of ______________.
prostate specific antigen (PSA)
The prostate, seminal vesicle, and bulbourethral glands do NOT __________.
provide chemicals to make the female's vagina more acidic
The fleshy pouch that suspends the testes outside of the body cavity is the __________.
scrotum
The external genitalia of the male include the __________.
scrotum and the penis
The seminal vesicles __________.
secrete a fructose-rich, mucoid substance
The accessory organs in the male that secrete into the ejaculatory ducts and the urethra are the __________.
seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbo-urethral glands
The male gonad is the __________.
testis
Impotence, a common male sexual dysfunction, is __________.
the inability to achieve or maintain an erection
The area in the urinary bladder that is bounded by the openings of the ureters and the entrance to the urethra is the __________.
trigone
The dense layer of connective tissue that directly covers the testes is the __________.
tunica albuginea
The three masses of erectile tissue that compose the body of the penis are __________.
two cylindrical corpora cavernosa and a slender corpus spongiosum
Which of the following is not correct regarding a pyelogram?
A pyelogram only allows the bladder to be visualized but not the ureter or structures of the kidney.
The enzymes needed to bore into the corona radiata reside in which portion of the sperm?
Acrosomal cap
A woman seeking to become pregnant could do which of the following to determine when she might be ovulating?
All of the listed responses are correct.
Autoregulation controls the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by __________.
All of the listed responses are correct.
What effect does constricting the efferent arteriole have on the filtration process?
All of the listed responses are correct.
What is the stimulus that leads to the release of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)?
All of the listed responses are correct.
What is the lowest, or most distal, part of the uterus?
Cervix
Which female reproductive structure most resembles the penis in the male?
Clitoris
What is the role of the endocrine system in reproduction?
Coordinating reproductive events
What is formed from the remaining follicle cells that are not ovulated with the secondary oocyte?
Corpus luteum
Which muscle is part of the spermatic cord?
Cremaster muscle
What is the benefit of increased vestibular gland secretion in the female?
Easier insertion of the penis into the vagina during intercourse
Powerful, rhythmic contractions in the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles of the pelvic floor produce what result?
Ejaculation
What event during sexual intercourse happens in the male but does not happen in the female?
Emission and ejaculation
Which of the following is not a correct way in which the reproductive system hormones interact with other body systems?
Estrogen stimulates the lengthening of long bones of females at puberty.
Which hormone causes the development of secondary follicles into tertiary follicles?
FSH
Which of the following is not a peripheral effect of testosterone?
Facilitates both spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
Which of the following hormones is not properly matched with its source and primary effects?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone.
Which of the following hormones is not properly matched with its source and primary effects?
Gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates FSH secretion and LH synthesis in females.
What is the combination of a primary oocyte and a single layer of follicle cells called?
Primordial follicle
What hormone does the corpus luteum primarily produce?
Progesterone
Which reproductive gland encircles the urethra as it leaves the bladder and produces an acidic fluid that contributes to semen?
Prostate gland
What is the function of the ducts of the reproductive systems?
Receiving and transporting gametes
What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles?
Regulating the temperature of the testes
Which of the following occurs first when there is a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate?
Renin is released from cells of the juxtaglomerular complex.
Which of the following are not correctly paired male-female homologous structures?
Scrotum; labia minora
The functions of the sustentacular cells (nurse cells) in the male include all of the following except?
Secretion of testosterone
Which of the following is not found in seminal fluids?
Smegma
What is produced by spermiogenesis?
Sperm
For a sperm to be able to fertilize an egg, it must undergo capacitation, which does not involve what process?
Sperm mixing with secretions from the bulbourethral gland
Which cells in the seminiferous tubules regularly undergo mitosis?
Spermatogonia
Which of the following states the correct order in which are cells produced in spermatogenesis?
Spermatogonium a primary spermatocyte a secondary spermatocyte a spermatid a sperm
Which of the following is not true of testosterone?
Testosterone is a protein.
Which of the following causes urinary incontinence?
The loss of muscle tone in the urinary sphincter muscles
Which of the following does not occur during spermiogenesis?
The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are packaged into the head of the sperm.
All of the following are associated with infertility except ____________.
a surge of LH
Which of the following is not accurate concerning urinary reflexes?
When urine is being stored, afferent impulses from stretch receptors in the urinary bladder stimulate sympathetic outflow causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the internal urethral sphincters to relax.
The rupture of the follicular wall and ovulation are caused by __________.
a sudden surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) concentration
In a person with normal blood pressure, what is the average glomerular filtration rate?
125 mL/min
Which of the following structures are not found in the spermatic cord?
Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle
For normal human reproduction to occur, which of the following organ systems would not necessarily have to function normally?
Digestive system
The body of the spermatic cord is a structure that includes which of the following?
Ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Which of the following statements about the vagina is not true?
During pregnancy, the vagina produces progesterone.
What is the term for the organs that produce gametes and hormones?
Gonads
Which of the following terms is not specifically used to describe egg and sperm?
Gonads
Which of the following is true regarding meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I, and sister chromatids separate during meiosis II.
What hormone produced by the nurse cells depresses the formation of FSH and provides a negative feedback mechanism for the control of spermatogenesis?
Inhibin
Which hormone acts to reduce the rate at which the anterior pituitary produces FSH?
Inhibin
Which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone and other androgens?
Interstitial cells
Which of the following is not true of the epididymis?
It connects the ductus deferens with the seminal vesicle.
What happens to the chromosome number as a result of meiosis?
It is reduced by half.
What is the hormone that directly stimulates testosterone production?
LH
Which statement about oogenesis mentions the one characteristic that is the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
Meiosis in oogenesis reduces the chromosome number by half.
What are the three sequential stages of the uterine cycle?
Menses, proliferative phase, and secretory phase
Which correctly describes mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis creates genetically identical cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique cells.
Which of the following is the muscular layer of the uterus?
Myometrium
Which of the following is an countertransporter found in the renal tubules?
Na+ / H+
In which of the following areas of the nephron would countercurrent multiplication occur?
Nephron loop
What would happen if a male were unable to contract the is chiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles?
No ejaculation
During oogenesis, meiosis produces how many functional gametes?
One
What structure is the female gonad?
Ovary
What division of the nervous system participates in the sexual arousal of both males and females?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What does it take for an ovulated oocyte to become a mature ovum?
Penetration by a sperm
Which of the following male reproductive structures is responsible for conducting semen into the vagina of the female?
Penis
Which of the following statements about the uterine tubes is not true?
They are passageways for the elimination of menstrual fluids.
Which of the following statements about the bulbourethral glands is incorrect?
They contribute approximately 25 percent of the semen volume.
The ureters are lined by what kind of epithelium, which allows them to be stretched when undergoing peristalsis and moving urine?
Transitional
What is the urinary structure that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
Ureter
Which part of the urinary system in the male is shared with the reproductive system?
Urethra
What female reproductive structure receives the ovum from the ovary during ovulation?
Uterine tube
Enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the ovum, or egg, are in the ________ of the sperm cell.
acrosome
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by _____________.
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which is produced in the capillaries of the lungs
Seminiferous tubules and newly produced sperm are separated from the general circulation and the immune system by all of the following except ______________.
blood-brain barrier
The mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus is the __________.
broad ligament
In a 28-day cycle, estrogen levels peak at __________.
day 14
The secretions of the seminal vesicles are discharged into the _________________.
ejaculatory duct
The process of pushing fluid and sperm into the prostatic urethra is called __________.
emission
Whether or not fertilization occurs, the final destination of the ovum is the __________.
endometrium
The histological composition of the uterine wall consists of the __________.
endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium
The reproductive structures in the perineal region are called __________.
external genitalia