Bio Inquizitive Ch.1-3

Which of these hypothetical cells has the highest surface area relative to its volume?

1-mm cube

What is true with respect to the testing of hypotheses?

1. Evidence produced by one or more researchers must be replicable by other researchers under the same conditions before it will be considered viable. 2. Evidence generated by observations and/or experiments must be reviewed by peers before it will be accepted. 3. Observational and/or experimental evidence is obtained objectively.

Which of the following contribute to the diversity of organic molecules found in living organisms?

1. Functional groups can be added to carbon backbones. 2. The monomers that form a polymer do not have to be identical. 3. Polymers can contain any number of monomers.

The way in which scientists view their surroundings could be called "scientific thinking." Scientific thinking is

1. based upon evidence 2. as objective as is possible 3. a logical format for answering questions and solving problems

The intersection of science and society includes issues that will require both an understanding of science and a healthy conversation about what to do about them. Such issues include:

1. the question of whether or not we should use DNA technology to bring back extinct species 2. confidentiality relative to the results of genetic testing 3. the value of research on stem cells

How many hydrogen atoms are found in 2 molecules of a compound with the chemical formula C2H5NO2?

10 atoms

How many lipid bilayers form the nuclear envelope?

2

How many single covalent bonds can one carbon atom form?

4 bonds

How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form?

4 hydrogen bonds

How many carbon atoms are found in a molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6?

6

Which of these statements about biomolecules is biologically valid?

Biomolecules are the building blocks of cells. Nucleic acids are an example of a biomolecule.

Which four of the following elements account for the majority of the weight of a human?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

What occurs during a chemical reaction?

Chemical bonds are rearranged. Energy is either consumed or released.

Research projects that non-scientists can participate in, fall under which umbrella?

Citizen science

Why are eukaryotic cells bigger than prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells exhibit a division of labor due to presence of internal compartments that allows them to function more efficiently

A covalent bond is the result of an attraction between atoms with opposite electrical charges

False

Hydrogen bonds rarely break once they have formed.

False

T/F Science consists solely of knowledge about the natural world.

False

T/F The flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes have the same basic structure.

False

A protein that is supposed to be released from the cell into the extracellular matrix is produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Through which organelles and in what order does this protein travel through other compartments in the cell to get there?

Golgi Apparatus, Plasma Membrane

The ____ is a cellular compartment composed of a stack of membranes and is known as the _____ of the cell; it receives proteins and lipids from the ____ and sends them to their final destinations, either inside or outside of the cell. Proteins destined for the cell surface travel via - and fuse with the ____.

Golgi Apparatus; sorting center; e.r.; vesicles; plasma membrane

Which of the following types of bonds are involved in holding the tertiary structure of a protein together?

Hydrophobic interacts, ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Which of the following are characteristics of multicellular organisms?

If separated, the cells of a multicellular organism would not survive on their own in their natural environment. The cells of a multicellular organism can specialize to perform different tasks essential to the organism's survival.

Which of the following statements explain why it is important for the inner mitochondrial membrane to have a high surface area?

If there is more surface area in this membrane, then the mitochondrion can produce more energy in the form of ATP. A variety of important proteins are embedded in this membrane. More surface area allows for more proteins.

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in which ways?

In a eukaryotic cell the DNA is surrounded by a membrane; Eukaryotic organisms can be multicellular

When examining a plant cell with a microscope, the nucleus and other internal compartments often appear to be pushed to the edge of the cell, whereas the center of the cell appears empty. What might cause this appearance?

Many plant cells contain a large vacuole filled with water that takes up more than a third of the cell volume.

Match each monomer to the type of organic compound in which it is found. Nucleic Acid; Protein; Lipid, Carbohydrate

Nucleic Acid-nucleotide; Protein-amino acid; Carbohydrate-monosaccharide

Complete this equation summarizing the process of cellular respiration ( occurring in the mitochondria) by dragging the reactants and products to their correct locations. Sugar+_____= _____+H2O

O2; CO2

Click on the molecule that would be considered an unsaturated fatty acid.

Oleci acid

Which of the following is true of ribosomes?

Ribosomes play a role in protein production in the cell. Ribosomes are not surrounded by a cell membrane.

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum have that the smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not?

Rough E.R has ribosomes

A body of knowledge and a particular way of learning about the natural world

Science

The enzymes inside the lysosome are only active when exposed to low pH. Why might this be the case?

The enzymes cannot function in the transport vesicles that are used to move them to the lysosome. If the lysosome bursts open, the enzymes will not be able to digest the cell contents because the cytoplasm has a more neutral pH

When is an atom most likely to form a covalent bond?

The outer electron shell of the atom is not filled to capacity with electrons

In the forest, you find a slimy substance covering a log. In the laboratory, you examine the slime with a microscope and find that it contains cells. Inside each cell is an obvious membrane-enclosed compartment. Based on these observations alone, what can you conclude about your specimen?

The slime is formed by and contains eukaryotic cells.

Although cells can vary in size, most cells are very small because cells must exchange materials with the environment. For what additional reasons are most cells small?

The surface area of the plasma membrane limits the rate of exchange between the cytoplasm and the environment. The larger a cell is, the more materials it must exchange.

Which of the following explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature?

Their lack of double covalent bonds allows the lipids to pack more closely together

T/F In plant cells, vacuoles play a role similar to that of lysosomes in animal cells, but vacuoles are also involved in storage, growth, and maintenance of the plant's upright structure.

True

T/F Salts are chemical compounds formed by atoms held together with ionic bonds.

True

T/F The red and white blood cells in a human have identical DNA sequences, but are specialized to perform different tasks that keep the multicellular organism alive.

True

The chemical reactions that are key to the existence of life occur in a water-based environment.

True

Which of the following is/are functions of nucleic acids and their monomers?

acceleration of chemical reactions, energy transfer (very short-term storage), storage of genetic information

Any compound that releases hydrogen ions into a solution is considered to be ____. The addition of hydrogen ions to the solution causes the pH of the solution to _____. ____ are substances that can both release and accept hydrogen ions, and thus resist a change in the pH of a solution.

acidic; drop; buffers

Lipids play a role in which of the following functions?

act as hormones, energy storage, a component of cell membranes

The term that means "the scientific study of life" is

biology

Which of the following elements are found in all carbohydrates?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

All organisms are formed from one or more ____. These self-contained and self-replicating structures are built of ____ molecules, and their complexity is maintained by ___.

cells; organic; energy

Which of the following are considered to be functions of the plasma membrane?

communicating with other cells, transporting materials into and out of the cell, anchoring the cell in place

The theory of ____ explains that ____ evolved from prokaryotes that lived as symbionts inside larger cells. Both of these organelles contain their own circular piece of DNA similar to that of prokaryotic cells.

endosymbiosis; chloroplasts and mitochondria

Whether scientists use observation or experimentation or both, the most important outcome that forms the basis for conclusions is

evidence

Match the cytoskeletal component to its function in the cell. Labels may be used more than once.

form cilia and flagella-microtubule; contribute to cell crawling-microfilament; support the overall structure of the cell-intermediate filament; movement of organelles inside the cell-microtubule

In this figure, the disaccharide sucrose is split into the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. What type of chemical reaction is taking place?

hydrolytic

The components of salad dressing (oil and vinegar) separate because oil is a ____ molecule and vinegar is a ____ molecule. Hydrophobic molecules ___ mix with water.

hydrophobic; hydrophilic; do not

Cells are so small that we must employ which tool to see them?

light microscope, electron microscope, compound light microscope

Which of the following classes of organic molecules are commonly found embedded in or attached to the plasma membrane?

lipid, protein, carbohydrate

Which of the following traits are characteristic of the lysosome?

low pH, presence of digestive enzymes

Our physical world is composed of ____, any substance that has mass and takes up space. Ninety-two different types of substances, known as ____, occur naturally on earth. These substances differ in regard to their physical and chemical properties. The smallest unit that exhibit these physical and chemical properties is the ___.

matter; elements; atom

While examining a pond sample, you find an amoeba. As you watch, the organism bulges forward from its main body, creating a sort of foot, and then the cytoplasm flows into the foot, pushing the whole cell forward. This type of movement is controlled by what component of the cytoskeleton?

microfilaments

Which internal compartments of the cell are primarily responsible for converting molecules of food into ATP?

mitochondria

Which of the following molecules represents a monomer?

monosaccharide

This is a diagram of a solute molecule (green) surrounded by water. A sphere representing a chloride ion is surrounded by six water molecules. The smaller white spheres of each water molecule face the chloride ion. The arrangement of water molecules suggests that the solute molecule is ____ charged.

negatively

Different isotopes of the same element exhibit different atomic masses because the number of _________ differs between isotopes.

neutrons

The atomic number of an element (Carbon) includes which of the following?

number of protons

Match the following membrane-enclosed cellular compartments to its function in the type of cell shown.

packages proteins and lipids for delivery to the plasma membrane and other organelles- Golgi apparatus; synthesizes lipids and proteins- endoplasmic reticulum; none- chloroplast; finishes the conversion of sugar into energy in the form of ATP- mitochondrion; assembles ribosomes- nucleus; recycles old organelles- lysosome

The ____ bond between amino acids is formed by ____ a reaction. A polymer of amino acids must be folded into the proper three-dimensional structure to form a functional ___.

peptide; dehydration; protein

In which types of cells would you find a chloroplast?

plant, eukaryotic cell

Which of the following is part of all cells, regardless of their type?

plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Water is considered to be a ___ molecule because of the uneven distribution of electrical charges in the molecule. The hydrogen atoms in water carry a slightly ____ charge, whereas the oxygen atom carries a slightly ____ charge.

polar; positive; negative

When an atom loses an electron, it becomes ___ charged and will form a(n) ____ bond with the atom to which it donated its electron(s).

positively; ionic

Which types of cells contain DNA that is not surrounded by a membrane and also lack other internal compartments?

prokaryotic

The scientific method can be applied across many disciplines, ranging from physics to psychology.

scientific method

Which terms accurately describe the plasma membrane's ability to control which substances are able to cross the membrane?

semi-permeable, selectively permeable

Which of the following functions are performed by the nucleus?

stores DNA, converts DNA to RNA, assembles ribosomes

Which of the following phenomena occurs as a result of hydrogen bonding?

surface tension, water acts as a solvent, ice floats, water moderates temperature swings

Water spiders can walk on the surface of a pond because of ____. Water molecules cling to each other as a result of the attractive force known as _____. The pull of _____ bonds creates a force that holds the water surface taut and makes it resistant to stretching or breaking.

surface tension; cohesion; hydrogen

What occurs as a result of hydrogen bonding?

surface tension; ice floats; water acts as a solvent; water moderates temperature swings

The extension of science to practical applications, such as cell phones, is

technology

When you cook an egg, the clear outer part turns white as the result of a process known as denaturation. Which level(s) of protein structure does this process affect?

tertiary, secondary, quaternary

A measure of pH

the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Which of the following structures are found in both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

two lipid membranes surrounding the organelle, internal membranes with high surface area, circular DNA

Proteins and lipids move between cellular compartments packaged in tiny sacks called ___________

vesicles