BIO LAB FINAL

Rr

An example of a genotype is

T and t

An example of alleles is __

by sexual reproduction and a combination of one gamete from each parent to form a zygote

How does an individual inherit their genome?

false

In scientific writing, you should always use direct quotes from your reference literature. T/F

single nucleotide polymorphism

SNP stands for:

ethanol

The substance that causes the Dna to precipitate is the ____

phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine

found in both DNA and RNA

uu

homozygous genotype example

false

lactase persistence is the result of several mutations in the genome. T/F

true

most ppl in the world are lactose intolerant. T/F

lactose

sugar in milk:

Lock and Key

term to define how enzymes work(enzyme specificity):

calcium

vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of

humans having 23vpairs of chromosomes. uses genotyping

23 and me got its name from and uses

50%

A male beetle has the genotype Tt. If this beetle mates w a female w the genotype bTT, what is the chance their offspring will have the genotype Tt?

the pattern of inheritance of a specific trait

A pedigree chart shows ___

analyze the data

After collecting raw experimental data, what is the next step in the scientific method?

Formulate research questions

After making observation, what is the next step in the scientific method?

true

Apart from other species, for humans the selection for lactase persistence is a gene-culture co-evolution. T/F

suppressor

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human tumor __ genes

True

Biologists sometimes use different models or systems to represent things they cannot study directly. T/F

RNA

Coronavirus is an ___ virus

nucleotides

DNA is made up of repeating subunits called ____

recessive

If mutation in a gene on the X chromosome, the mutation is

Folate

Indigenous people with diets rich in ____ have dark pigmentation

control: fungus treatment: oak and cypress trees

It is well known that pine trees can get infected by a fungus called "tree-eater" which breaks down its bark and eats through its trunk. You test whether cypress and oak trees can also get infected by this fungus, and they can. Now you want to test whether the fungus can infect the oak and cypress at the same rate as pine. what is control group? treatment group?

independent: type of soap used dependent: the amount of bacterial growth

Researchers are testing the effectiveness of various antibacterial soaps . 4 different soaps are used on the same bacterium and a fifth petri dish receives no soap. the independent variable is _____ and dependent is ______

False

Scientists can determine a person's race by looking at his or her DNA. T/F

Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose

The CRAAP method stands for:

true

The coding strand of Dna is similar to the primary transcript. T/F

results

The general trends from a study are found in the ____ section of a scholarly article or lab report.

discussion/conclusion

The limitations and real world applications of a study are found in the ____ section of a scholarly article or lab report.

true

The physical expression of a trait is called a phenotype. T/F

scientists, the public

The target audience of primary sources is ___, while the target audience of secondary sources is ___.

RNA, proteins, RNA

Transcription involves making ____ from DNA, and translation involves making ____ from ____

False

Two treatments are thought to be significantly different in their standard error bars overlap. T/F

recovering from injuries, growth, and replacement of dead cells

We need mitosis for :

an overactive version of a protein that stimulates cellv division

What is most likely to cause a cell to become cancerous?

within the ribosomes found in the cytoplasm

Where does protein synthesis take place?

MERS and SARS

____ and ___ are apart of the coronavirus family.

RNA polymerase

_____ replicates viral RNA from the virus within the host cells.

brood parasitism

a cuckoo laying eggs in the nest of other bird species is an example of

the genetic makeup of an individual

a genotype is

true

a hydrophilic substance will be soluble in water. T/F

enzyme

a kind of protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions

a smaller standard error

a larger sample size will most likely result in

primary

a peer-reviewed journal is an example of a ____ source of scientific literature.

testable, simple, concise, and measurable

a research question should always be

True

alleles are different forms of a gene. T/F

False

an alternative hypothesis states the direction one expects to see in the difference between treatments, while the null hypothesis does not. T/F

False

an experiment investigates the effects of the dependent variable on the independent variable. T/F

alcohol and CO2

anaerobic respiration by yeast produces

glycolysis

before fermentation in yeast, sugars must be broken down to monosaccharides to start ____

phenotype

brown hair is a type of ____

above, below

captions are written ___ the table and ___ the figure

DNA-->RNA-->Protein

central dogma:

correlative

classification for research question: "How do changes in temperature affect reef fish growth rate?"

a group that would not be tested for dependent variable

control =

different species , but accomplish same function

convergent evolution

mutation upstream of lactase gene-> prevent drop in normal transcription of lactase gene-> steady levels of lactase in enterocytes and retained ability to digest lactose

correct pathway for the lactase persistence mutation after weaning:

hydrogen

each pair of complementary nucleotides in the DNA are linked by ___ bonds.

lose their 3D structure, causing the substrate to no longer be able to bind to the active site

enzymes that have been exposed to a high temperature will

collect, burst, separate, isolate

four steps to collect and isolate DNa

acts as switch to produce eumelanin from pheomelanin

function of MC1R gene

gives some animals camouflage, protects cells from UV damage, and regulates body temp in lower vertebrates

function of melanin:

cytoplasm, mitochondria

glycolysis takes place in the ____, while the citric acid cycle takes place in the ____ on a cell.

false

google is considered a primary source engine while google scholar is considered a secondary source. T/F

3

how many bases make up a codon?

7

how many types of skin color are there?

glycolysis->citric acid cycle->electron transport chain

identify correct sequential events of cellular respiration.

purple

if a red flower exhibits incomplete dominance to a blue flower, which flower color is a possible phenotype for offspring when a red flower is crossed with a blue flower?

denatured

if an enzyme stops functioning, it could have _____

disaccharide, monosaccharides, enzyme

lactose is a ___ that can be broken down into ___ by a ____.

lactase persistence

most mammals lose the ability to naturally produce lactase after transitioning from milk based diets to other diets, however about a third of humans continue to produce lactase into adulthood which is called

independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable

null hypothesis =

true

one way to help prevent plagiarism is to record all the imprtant information about sources you are researching. T/F

replication->transcription-> translation

order for protein synthesis:

neolithic era

pastoralism has existed since:

polygenic traits

phenotypic traits that are controlled by 2 or more genes are known as

a source if sugar which is guaranteed to give a high rate of fermentation

positive control in FKL

false

positive selection is selection against disadvantageous traits. T/F

the production of CO2 causes the bread to rise and expand

primary role of fermentation in making bread

glycolysis

process in which some cells can metabolize organic nutrients and produce ATP in the absence of oxygen

enzyme

protein which speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

reproductive success

regarding the theory of evolution, "fitness" refers to

Competition, Variation, Heritability, Iteration

required for natural selection:

Glucose and galactose

the breakdown of lactose will generate which monosaccharides?

False

the interpretation of an experiment's results and any conclusions drawn from those results are mentioned in the results section of a lab report. T/F

2 molecules

the net production of ATP molecules in glycolysis is

Which type of rosebush produces more flowers?

the number of flowers on four different types of rosebushes are counted each week for two months. what research question is appropriate?

3'-->5' strand

the strand that is used as a template strand for making mRNA?

have the same spatial structure as the enzyme's substrate

to inhibit the action of an enzyme, we can add a substance that occupies the active site of that enzyme. To accomplish that, the substance must____.

the spread of data points around the mean

what does the standard deviation indicate?

change in temperature, pH, and polarity of solvent

what factors can cause protein denaturation?

enzymes and products

what is left at the end of an enzyme-controlled reaction?

descriptive

what is the correct classification for the research question : "what is the dietary composition of american coots?"

it does not define its population

what is wrong w the following research question? "How does the length of a tail change as age increases?"

disaccharide

what kind of sugar is sucrose?

C to T

what mutational change results in lactase persistence?

a mutation is present near the lactase gene in lactase persistent individuals.

what statements regarding the ability to digest lactose throughout adulthood is true?

epithelial cells

what type of cells are enterocytes?

false

when paraphrasing, it is not necessary to cite the source. T/F

Anaerobic, carbon dioxide

when yeast is in ___ conditions, it utilizes alcohol fermentation to produce ATP, ethanol, and ___

nucleus

where does DNA transcription occur in the cell?

children born to mothers with dark skin, living far from the equator.

who is most at risk for developing the bone disease rickets?

when lactose is digested by lactase, the glucose that is produced enters the blood stream from the small intestine.

why do the results of blood glucose tests taken before and after drinking milk help determine if an individual can digest lactose?

rate of infection

you make a graph to show the rate of infection for pine, oak, and cypress trees, and you put the types of trees on the x- axis vand the rate of infection on the y-axis. what is dependent variable?