BIO LAB FINAL
Rr
An example of a genotype is
T and t
An example of alleles is __
by sexual reproduction and a combination of one gamete from each parent to form a zygote
How does an individual inherit their genome?
false
In scientific writing, you should always use direct quotes from your reference literature. T/F
single nucleotide polymorphism
SNP stands for:
ethanol
The substance that causes the Dna to precipitate is the ____
phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
found in both DNA and RNA
uu
homozygous genotype example
false
lactase persistence is the result of several mutations in the genome. T/F
true
most ppl in the world are lactose intolerant. T/F
lactose
sugar in milk:
Lock and Key
term to define how enzymes work(enzyme specificity):
calcium
vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of
humans having 23vpairs of chromosomes. uses genotyping
23 and me got its name from and uses
50%
A male beetle has the genotype Tt. If this beetle mates w a female w the genotype bTT, what is the chance their offspring will have the genotype Tt?
the pattern of inheritance of a specific trait
A pedigree chart shows ___
analyze the data
After collecting raw experimental data, what is the next step in the scientific method?
Formulate research questions
After making observation, what is the next step in the scientific method?
true
Apart from other species, for humans the selection for lactase persistence is a gene-culture co-evolution. T/F
suppressor
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human tumor __ genes
True
Biologists sometimes use different models or systems to represent things they cannot study directly. T/F
RNA
Coronavirus is an ___ virus
nucleotides
DNA is made up of repeating subunits called ____
recessive
If mutation in a gene on the X chromosome, the mutation is
Folate
Indigenous people with diets rich in ____ have dark pigmentation
control: fungus treatment: oak and cypress trees
It is well known that pine trees can get infected by a fungus called "tree-eater" which breaks down its bark and eats through its trunk. You test whether cypress and oak trees can also get infected by this fungus, and they can. Now you want to test whether the fungus can infect the oak and cypress at the same rate as pine. what is control group? treatment group?
independent: type of soap used dependent: the amount of bacterial growth
Researchers are testing the effectiveness of various antibacterial soaps . 4 different soaps are used on the same bacterium and a fifth petri dish receives no soap. the independent variable is _____ and dependent is ______
False
Scientists can determine a person's race by looking at his or her DNA. T/F
Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose
The CRAAP method stands for:
true
The coding strand of Dna is similar to the primary transcript. T/F
results
The general trends from a study are found in the ____ section of a scholarly article or lab report.
discussion/conclusion
The limitations and real world applications of a study are found in the ____ section of a scholarly article or lab report.
true
The physical expression of a trait is called a phenotype. T/F
scientists, the public
The target audience of primary sources is ___, while the target audience of secondary sources is ___.
RNA, proteins, RNA
Transcription involves making ____ from DNA, and translation involves making ____ from ____
False
Two treatments are thought to be significantly different in their standard error bars overlap. T/F
recovering from injuries, growth, and replacement of dead cells
We need mitosis for :
an overactive version of a protein that stimulates cellv division
What is most likely to cause a cell to become cancerous?
within the ribosomes found in the cytoplasm
Where does protein synthesis take place?
MERS and SARS
____ and ___ are apart of the coronavirus family.
RNA polymerase
_____ replicates viral RNA from the virus within the host cells.
brood parasitism
a cuckoo laying eggs in the nest of other bird species is an example of
the genetic makeup of an individual
a genotype is
true
a hydrophilic substance will be soluble in water. T/F
enzyme
a kind of protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions
a smaller standard error
a larger sample size will most likely result in
primary
a peer-reviewed journal is an example of a ____ source of scientific literature.
testable, simple, concise, and measurable
a research question should always be
True
alleles are different forms of a gene. T/F
False
an alternative hypothesis states the direction one expects to see in the difference between treatments, while the null hypothesis does not. T/F
False
an experiment investigates the effects of the dependent variable on the independent variable. T/F
alcohol and CO2
anaerobic respiration by yeast produces
glycolysis
before fermentation in yeast, sugars must be broken down to monosaccharides to start ____
phenotype
brown hair is a type of ____
above, below
captions are written ___ the table and ___ the figure
DNA-->RNA-->Protein
central dogma:
correlative
classification for research question: "How do changes in temperature affect reef fish growth rate?"
a group that would not be tested for dependent variable
control =
different species , but accomplish same function
convergent evolution
mutation upstream of lactase gene-> prevent drop in normal transcription of lactase gene-> steady levels of lactase in enterocytes and retained ability to digest lactose
correct pathway for the lactase persistence mutation after weaning:
hydrogen
each pair of complementary nucleotides in the DNA are linked by ___ bonds.
lose their 3D structure, causing the substrate to no longer be able to bind to the active site
enzymes that have been exposed to a high temperature will
collect, burst, separate, isolate
four steps to collect and isolate DNa
acts as switch to produce eumelanin from pheomelanin
function of MC1R gene
gives some animals camouflage, protects cells from UV damage, and regulates body temp in lower vertebrates
function of melanin:
cytoplasm, mitochondria
glycolysis takes place in the ____, while the citric acid cycle takes place in the ____ on a cell.
false
google is considered a primary source engine while google scholar is considered a secondary source. T/F
3
how many bases make up a codon?
7
how many types of skin color are there?
glycolysis->citric acid cycle->electron transport chain
identify correct sequential events of cellular respiration.
purple
if a red flower exhibits incomplete dominance to a blue flower, which flower color is a possible phenotype for offspring when a red flower is crossed with a blue flower?
denatured
if an enzyme stops functioning, it could have _____
disaccharide, monosaccharides, enzyme
lactose is a ___ that can be broken down into ___ by a ____.
lactase persistence
most mammals lose the ability to naturally produce lactase after transitioning from milk based diets to other diets, however about a third of humans continue to produce lactase into adulthood which is called
independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable
null hypothesis =
true
one way to help prevent plagiarism is to record all the imprtant information about sources you are researching. T/F
replication->transcription-> translation
order for protein synthesis:
neolithic era
pastoralism has existed since:
polygenic traits
phenotypic traits that are controlled by 2 or more genes are known as
a source if sugar which is guaranteed to give a high rate of fermentation
positive control in FKL
false
positive selection is selection against disadvantageous traits. T/F
the production of CO2 causes the bread to rise and expand
primary role of fermentation in making bread
glycolysis
process in which some cells can metabolize organic nutrients and produce ATP in the absence of oxygen
enzyme
protein which speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
reproductive success
regarding the theory of evolution, "fitness" refers to
Competition, Variation, Heritability, Iteration
required for natural selection:
Glucose and galactose
the breakdown of lactose will generate which monosaccharides?
False
the interpretation of an experiment's results and any conclusions drawn from those results are mentioned in the results section of a lab report. T/F
2 molecules
the net production of ATP molecules in glycolysis is
Which type of rosebush produces more flowers?
the number of flowers on four different types of rosebushes are counted each week for two months. what research question is appropriate?
3'-->5' strand
the strand that is used as a template strand for making mRNA?
have the same spatial structure as the enzyme's substrate
to inhibit the action of an enzyme, we can add a substance that occupies the active site of that enzyme. To accomplish that, the substance must____.
the spread of data points around the mean
what does the standard deviation indicate?
change in temperature, pH, and polarity of solvent
what factors can cause protein denaturation?
enzymes and products
what is left at the end of an enzyme-controlled reaction?
descriptive
what is the correct classification for the research question : "what is the dietary composition of american coots?"
it does not define its population
what is wrong w the following research question? "How does the length of a tail change as age increases?"
disaccharide
what kind of sugar is sucrose?
C to T
what mutational change results in lactase persistence?
a mutation is present near the lactase gene in lactase persistent individuals.
what statements regarding the ability to digest lactose throughout adulthood is true?
epithelial cells
what type of cells are enterocytes?
false
when paraphrasing, it is not necessary to cite the source. T/F
Anaerobic, carbon dioxide
when yeast is in ___ conditions, it utilizes alcohol fermentation to produce ATP, ethanol, and ___
nucleus
where does DNA transcription occur in the cell?
children born to mothers with dark skin, living far from the equator.
who is most at risk for developing the bone disease rickets?
when lactose is digested by lactase, the glucose that is produced enters the blood stream from the small intestine.
why do the results of blood glucose tests taken before and after drinking milk help determine if an individual can digest lactose?
rate of infection
you make a graph to show the rate of infection for pine, oak, and cypress trees, and you put the types of trees on the x- axis vand the rate of infection on the y-axis. what is dependent variable?
