bio lab practical
They have the capacity to tolerate dehydration to very low water content and to recover from it without permanent physiological damage.
Bryophytes are said to be poikilohydric; this implies that ___________.
Trichonympha Parabasalida
Check the group or groups to which this organism belongs.
false
. This is an up close look at the pores on the thallus of Marchantia (a liverwort). These structures are important for reproduction in liverworts because they contain the eggs.
comprehending depth of focus
.We viewed a slide of crossed threads to understand what function of the microscope?
What are ordinary sizes for bacteria?
0.5-10 micrometers
Which phylum has the lowest species richness?
Ginkgophyta
. red ovals corona rotifer
Give the structures in the red ovals and the kind of organism (because we are at the beginning of the course, we will give you the hint to "check two boxes"; we will not always give such hints)
What does it mean for a group of organisms to be paraphyletic? (Such questions may have 1 right answer or more than 1, and we won't always give you this hint.)
If it was widely recognized, it is likely a group of organisms that share some primitive (plesiomorphic) traits and exclude organisms for which those traits have further changed It is a group from which some of the descendants of the group's common ancestor have been excluded.
The Amoeba above uses the extended structures for feeding and locomotion, name them
Pseudopodia
In some ways, slime molds resemble fungi. However, how are slime molds unlike fungi?
Slime molds lack chitin in their cell walls.
Stomata
Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
sporophyte
Sperm and egg have fused to form a diploid ___________ . This step in the moss lifecycle is similar to the sporic lifecycle of algae.
gemmae
What are produced inside the cup-shaped structures?
raphae
What are the locomotory structures for these organisms?
sporangia filled with spores
What are the structures in this picture?
They constitute a peristome, which aids in spore dispersal.
What are the yellowish tooth-like structures and what do they aid in?
Archaea
What domain includes organisms that live in very hot places like the one pictured above?
converting atmospheric nitrogen into useable nitrogen
What is the ecosystem function of the tiny organisms living within these roots? Choose the best answer.
haploid
What ploidy level is dominate in the life cycle of this organism?
amoeboid
What type of locomotion is exhibited by this organism?
. Vorticella
Which genus of ciliate is pictured here?
land Plants (Embryophyta) Hepaticophyta (Liverworts) Archaeplastida
Which groups does this organism belong to?
There is substantial evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are remnants of once free-living bacteria that came to live in intimate contact with archaea; this is part of a theory termed the ______________ theory.
endosymbiotic
mold and yeast phylum:kingdom :genus
fungi rhizopus,sordaria fimicola
. All land plants have a type of life cycle characterized by an alternation of multicellular generations. Which generation(s) is(are) haploid?
gametophyte
bryophytes life cycle dominated by
gametophyte
phylumb:apicomplexa ::plasmodium vivax:malaria phylum ciliata::paramecium::euplotes, vorticella
lineage Alveolata : cilia
Phylum : parabasalida (mutualistic/parasitic) Trichonympha trichomonas phylum : kinetoplastida trypanosoma g chagas disease
lineage excavata have flagella
phylum : actinopoda::: radiolarians phylum:: foraminifera:: foraminiferans
lineage rhizaria have axopodia
Which cellular structure is responsible for rejecting the Gram staining procedure, resulting in a Gram negative stain?
lipopolysaccharide coat
How would you be able to appreciate an object's 3-dimensional structure when viewing it through your microscope? Choose the best answer
mentally integrating depth of focus using the fine focus knob
choloroplast
the arrow indicate what organelle
volvox
this genus of green algae is higjly colonialwith their body composed of a couple of kinds of cells
A: pollen grains B: filament extension (connective ) C: pollen sac (male sporangium)
this is a cross section, match the letter with the strucutre
flagellum
this organism is in the phylum euglenida (lineage Excavata) what is its primary loco motory structure?
What characteristics describe conifers?
vascular tissue "naked seeds" enclosed in a cone wind pollination
Xylem
vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
double fertilization
What type of fertilization is represented here, characteristic of angiosperms
sleeping sickness
This organism causes what?
What is the total magnification when looking through a CSUN compound microscope on the 40x objective
400
Angiosperms(monocots,eudicots)
A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
in mosses the dominant generation is the A and the short lived generation is the B
A: gametophyte.B: sporophyte
Why might a biologist object to referring to 'Algae' as a group?
Algae' is a paraphyletic group
What is the correct phylogenetic arrangement for these four types of eukaryotes
Amoebazoa{Excavata{Rhizaria,Alveolata}}
Which is the sister lineage to Opisthokonta?
Amoebozoa
Autotrophic
An organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are autotrophs.
Chemoheterotrophs
An organism that must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon.
Chemoautotrophs
An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances.
Photoheterotrophs
An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must obtain carbon in organic form.
sporic life cycle
Both the diploid and the haploid phases are multicellular. What kind of life cycle does this alga have
This is an up close look at the thallus of Marchantia (a liverwort). What is(are) the function(s) of the pores pictured on the upper surface?
Carbon dioxide is allowed in. Water exits (unfortunately). Oxygen is allowed out
This week's lab is on both microscopic and macroscopic algae. Select which of the following are macro versus micro
Chlamydomonas microscopic Volvox microscopic Laminaria macroscopic Fucus macroscopic Euglena microscopic
false
Diagram A represents a Gram negative bacterium. True or false?
What phylum is responsible for red tide? Red tide is a major cause of death for a multitude of marine organisms. Its toxins can even cause death in humans, for example in humans who eat shell fish exposed to red tide. However, some species of this phylum form beneficial symbiotic relationships with marine corals, and can be bioluminescent
Dinoflagellata
encrusting coraline
Match each form group (morphology) within the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed
filamentous branched
Match each form group (morphology) within the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed
jointed coral
Match each form group (morphology) within the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed
microscopic filamentous
Match each form group (morphology) within the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed
alveolata
Match the lineage
stramenopila
Match the lineage
.lineage Excavata
Match the organism to its lineage
lineage amoeboza
Match the organism to its lineage.
lineage rhizaria
Match the organism to its lineage.
alveolata
Match the organism to itslineage
Monilophyta (ferns)
Name the clade (± a phylum) that this plant belongs to.
Monilophyta Pteridophyta
Name the clade at or near the phylum level.
.Oogonium
Name the following female reproductive structure in the water mold Achlya
In treatment A, the mean height of plants is 5 mm and the standard error is 1 mm. In treatment B, the mean height of plants is 6 mm and the standard error is 2 mm. Can we call the heights of the plants in different treatments "statistically different"?
No, because the mean + SE of treatment A overlaps with the mean - SE of treatment B.
Heterotrophic
Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from consuming other organisms.
Photoautotrophs
Organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances.
Putting your microscope away properly is something that every good biologist knows how to do. The correct steps for microscope storage are listed below. Choose the best answer.
Rotate to 4x objective before removing slide •Reset condenser •Minimize light •Off switch •Unplug and wrap cord •Cover
________________________ is the dominant phase (or "generation") of ferns and seed plants? Note that spelling counts for this question.
Sporophyte or 2N
pellicle
The coating of parallel bands of protein across this organism is called?
synapomorphy
The color orange is shared among E, F and G. What is such a shared derived character state termed?
Ferns are considered homeohydric because they can keep their internal environments moist. Mosses are considered poikilohydric because ______________________.
They follow their environment's state of being wet or dry.
complex thallose liverwort
This diagram represents the life cycle of __________
phagocytosis
This diagram shows an Amoeba engulfing its prey with its pseudopodia. This is called __________.
. This is a eukaryotic organism. This organism lives in water.
This foram is in the phylum Foraminifera, and the lineage Rhizaria.
to fix nitrogen
This is Anabeana, a genus of cyanobacteria. They have specialized cells called heterocysts (one indicated by the arrow). What is the function of the heterocysts?
false
This is a eukaryotic cell. true or false
gemmae cups, containing multicellular gemmae inside produced by mitosis (for asexual reproduction)
This is the upper surface of a thallose liverwort. These cup shaped structures are ____________.
fine focus
This knob is very important in properly viewing your specimen. What is it called?
axopodia
This structure is characteristic of Phylum Actinopoda. They are amoeboids with numerous projections that are useful in gathering food. What are the names of the long hair-like structures?
Excavata
To which of the seven main lineages of eukaryotes does this organism belong
What of the following are true about angiosperms?
Two major groups of angiosperms are monocots and eudicots. Angiosperms have "true fruits" that are derived from the carpel.
Distantly related lineages that end up having similar traits to solve similar adaptive problems results in a(an) ___________.
analogy
What are some of the features biologists use to classify bacteria?
colony morphology stain reaction shape size
All (okay, almost all) evolutionary changes increase complexity. true or false
false
anabaena cyanobacteria
fix nitrogrn
Lineage Excavata : _______________ :: Lineage Amoebozoa : pseudopodia
flagella
What features are characteristics of angiosperms? Check any synapomorphies of angiosperms and any features that are synapomorphies of more inclusive clades.
flowers fruit vascular tissue seeds
gametic
identify life cycle
If both male and female gametes are identical in size and morphology, they are referred to as _____________?
isogamete
A ocular B objective C nosepiece D slide clip E fine focus
match parts to name
A : capsule : 2N B: seta: 2N C: leaf N D: perianth : N E: stem :N F: rhizoids : N
match the letter with the ploidy number
moss
musci : byrophyta
Some plants, like legumes, form a ____________________ relationship with bacteria that live inside their root nodules.
mutualistic
vegetative body of a fungus is called
mycelium
A sporophyte B gametophyte C rhizoids D capsule E spores F seta
name labels
A flagellum B eyespot C contractile vacuole D paramylon granules E chloroplast F nucleus
name labels
archaeplastida
name the lineage
#1 blade #2 stipe #3 holdfast
name the number parts
A peristome B capsule (sporangium) C seta of sporophyte D gametophyte
name the parts labeled
Ginkgophyta
name the phylum
What type of reproduction are certain rotifers (Bdelloidea) famous for?
obligate parthenogenesis
What does parfocal mean?
once an image is in focus with one objective lens, it will be nearly in focus with all objective lenses
orange:: synapomorphies ,shared derived character states purple:symplesiomorphy;character that is shared and primitive
orange : purple
poikilohydric
the external environment controls the state of hydration
std error
sd/ root n
. Although historically called blue-green algae, Cyanobacteria are not eukaryotic, and many biologists restrict the word 'algae' to photosynthetic eukaryotes other than the Land Plants.
true
All Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes; their cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and lack complex organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. true or false
true
Seed plants have separate male and female spores, and separate male and female gametophytes.
true
true of false ? Bacteria are ideal for experiments involving mutations and evolution because they have a fast generation time and it is easy to grow billions of cells in a small space
true
bat
type of pollinator
bee and perhaps other insects
type of pollinator
water
type of pollinator
wind
type of pollinator
Musci ,Eukarya
what groups does this beling 2
rotifer
what is pictured
to help it float on a pollination drop
what is the function of the "ears" on thus pollen grain?
to deter insects and pathogens
what is the function of the "hole" labeled A?
calcium carbonate
what is the main component of this organism shell " test"
.angiosperm ovary
what is this a cross section of
excavata
what lineage
carion fly
what type of pollinator