bio lab practical

They have the capacity to tolerate dehydration to very low water content and to recover from it without permanent physiological damage.

Bryophytes are said to be poikilohydric; this implies that ___________.

Trichonympha Parabasalida

Check the group or groups to which this organism belongs.

false

. This is an up close look at the pores on the thallus of Marchantia (a liverwort). These structures are important for reproduction in liverworts because they contain the eggs.

comprehending depth of focus

.We viewed a slide of crossed threads to understand what function of the microscope?

What are ordinary sizes for bacteria?

0.5-10 micrometers

Which phylum has the lowest species richness?

Ginkgophyta

. red ovals corona rotifer

Give the structures in the red ovals and the kind of organism (because we are at the beginning of the course, we will give you the hint to "check two boxes"; we will not always give such hints)

What does it mean for a group of organisms to be paraphyletic? (Such questions may have 1 right answer or more than 1, and we won't always give you this hint.)

If it was widely recognized, it is likely a group of organisms that share some primitive (plesiomorphic) traits and exclude organisms for which those traits have further changed It is a group from which some of the descendants of the group's common ancestor have been excluded.

The Amoeba above uses the extended structures for feeding and locomotion, name them

Pseudopodia

In some ways, slime molds resemble fungi. However, how are slime molds unlike fungi?

Slime molds lack chitin in their cell walls.

Stomata

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

sporophyte

Sperm and egg have fused to form a diploid ___________ . This step in the moss lifecycle is similar to the sporic lifecycle of algae.

gemmae

What are produced inside the cup-shaped structures?

raphae

What are the locomotory structures for these organisms?

sporangia filled with spores

What are the structures in this picture?

They constitute a peristome, which aids in spore dispersal.

What are the yellowish tooth-like structures and what do they aid in?

Archaea

What domain includes organisms that live in very hot places like the one pictured above?

converting atmospheric nitrogen into useable nitrogen

What is the ecosystem function of the tiny organisms living within these roots? Choose the best answer.

haploid

What ploidy level is dominate in the life cycle of this organism?

amoeboid

What type of locomotion is exhibited by this organism?

. Vorticella

Which genus of ciliate is pictured here?

land Plants (Embryophyta) Hepaticophyta (Liverworts) Archaeplastida

Which groups does this organism belong to?

There is substantial evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are remnants of once free-living bacteria that came to live in intimate contact with archaea; this is part of a theory termed the ______________ theory.

endosymbiotic

mold and yeast phylum:kingdom :genus

fungi rhizopus,sordaria fimicola

. All land plants have a type of life cycle characterized by an alternation of multicellular generations. Which generation(s) is(are) haploid?

gametophyte

bryophytes life cycle dominated by

gametophyte

phylumb:apicomplexa ::plasmodium vivax:malaria phylum ciliata::paramecium::euplotes, vorticella

lineage Alveolata : cilia

Phylum : parabasalida (mutualistic/parasitic) Trichonympha trichomonas phylum : kinetoplastida trypanosoma g chagas disease

lineage excavata have flagella

phylum : actinopoda::: radiolarians phylum:: foraminifera:: foraminiferans

lineage rhizaria have axopodia

Which cellular structure is responsible for rejecting the Gram staining procedure, resulting in a Gram negative stain?

lipopolysaccharide coat

How would you be able to appreciate an object's 3-dimensional structure when viewing it through your microscope? Choose the best answer

mentally integrating depth of focus using the fine focus knob

choloroplast

the arrow indicate what organelle

volvox

this genus of green algae is higjly colonialwith their body composed of a couple of kinds of cells

A: pollen grains B: filament extension (connective ) C: pollen sac (male sporangium)

this is a cross section, match the letter with the strucutre

flagellum

this organism is in the phylum euglenida (lineage Excavata) what is its primary loco motory structure?

What characteristics describe conifers?

vascular tissue "naked seeds" enclosed in a cone wind pollination

Xylem

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

double fertilization

What type of fertilization is represented here, characteristic of angiosperms

sleeping sickness

This organism causes what?

What is the total magnification when looking through a CSUN compound microscope on the 40x objective

400

Angiosperms(monocots,eudicots)

A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

in mosses the dominant generation is the A and the short lived generation is the B

A: gametophyte.B: sporophyte

Why might a biologist object to referring to 'Algae' as a group?

Algae' is a paraphyletic group

What is the correct phylogenetic arrangement for these four types of eukaryotes

Amoebazoa{Excavata{Rhizaria,Alveolata}}

Which is the sister lineage to Opisthokonta?

Amoebozoa

Autotrophic

An organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are autotrophs.

Chemoheterotrophs

An organism that must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon.

Chemoautotrophs

An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances.

Photoheterotrophs

An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must obtain carbon in organic form.

sporic life cycle

Both the diploid and the haploid phases are multicellular. What kind of life cycle does this alga have

This is an up close look at the thallus of Marchantia (a liverwort). What is(are) the function(s) of the pores pictured on the upper surface?

Carbon dioxide is allowed in. Water exits (unfortunately). Oxygen is allowed out

This week's lab is on both microscopic and macroscopic algae. Select which of the following are macro versus micro

Chlamydomonas microscopic Volvox microscopic Laminaria macroscopic Fucus macroscopic Euglena microscopic

false

Diagram A represents a Gram negative bacterium. True or false?

What phylum is responsible for red tide? Red tide is a major cause of death for a multitude of marine organisms. Its toxins can even cause death in humans, for example in humans who eat shell fish exposed to red tide. However, some species of this phylum form beneficial symbiotic relationships with marine corals, and can be bioluminescent

Dinoflagellata

encrusting coraline

Match each form group (morphology) within the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed

filamentous branched

Match each form group (morphology) within the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed

jointed coral

Match each form group (morphology) within the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed

microscopic filamentous

Match each form group (morphology) within the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed

alveolata

Match the lineage

stramenopila

Match the lineage

.lineage Excavata

Match the organism to its lineage

lineage amoeboza

Match the organism to its lineage.

lineage rhizaria

Match the organism to its lineage.

alveolata

Match the organism to itslineage

Monilophyta (ferns)

Name the clade (± a phylum) that this plant belongs to.

Monilophyta Pteridophyta

Name the clade at or near the phylum level.

.Oogonium

Name the following female reproductive structure in the water mold Achlya

In treatment A, the mean height of plants is 5 mm and the standard error is 1 mm. In treatment B, the mean height of plants is 6 mm and the standard error is 2 mm. Can we call the heights of the plants in different treatments "statistically different"?

No, because the mean + SE of treatment A overlaps with the mean - SE of treatment B.

Heterotrophic

Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from consuming other organisms.

Photoautotrophs

Organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances.

Putting your microscope away properly is something that every good biologist knows how to do. The correct steps for microscope storage are listed below. Choose the best answer.

Rotate to 4x objective before removing slide •Reset condenser •Minimize light •Off switch •Unplug and wrap cord •Cover

________________________ is the dominant phase (or "generation") of ferns and seed plants? Note that spelling counts for this question.

Sporophyte or 2N

pellicle

The coating of parallel bands of protein across this organism is called?

synapomorphy

The color orange is shared among E, F and G. What is such a shared derived character state termed?

Ferns are considered homeohydric because they can keep their internal environments moist. Mosses are considered poikilohydric because ______________________.

They follow their environment's state of being wet or dry.

complex thallose liverwort

This diagram represents the life cycle of __________

phagocytosis

This diagram shows an Amoeba engulfing its prey with its pseudopodia. This is called __________.

. This is a eukaryotic organism. This organism lives in water.

This foram is in the phylum Foraminifera, and the lineage Rhizaria.

to fix nitrogen

This is Anabeana, a genus of cyanobacteria. They have specialized cells called heterocysts (one indicated by the arrow). What is the function of the heterocysts?

false

This is a eukaryotic cell. true or false

gemmae cups, containing multicellular gemmae inside produced by mitosis (for asexual reproduction)

This is the upper surface of a thallose liverwort. These cup shaped structures are ____________.

fine focus

This knob is very important in properly viewing your specimen. What is it called?

axopodia

This structure is characteristic of Phylum Actinopoda. They are amoeboids with numerous projections that are useful in gathering food. What are the names of the long hair-like structures?

Excavata

To which of the seven main lineages of eukaryotes does this organism belong

What of the following are true about angiosperms?

Two major groups of angiosperms are monocots and eudicots. Angiosperms have "true fruits" that are derived from the carpel.

Distantly related lineages that end up having similar traits to solve similar adaptive problems results in a(an) ___________.

analogy

What are some of the features biologists use to classify bacteria?

colony morphology stain reaction shape size

All (okay, almost all) evolutionary changes increase complexity. true or false

false

anabaena cyanobacteria

fix nitrogrn

Lineage Excavata : _______________ :: Lineage Amoebozoa : pseudopodia

flagella

What features are characteristics of angiosperms? Check any synapomorphies of angiosperms and any features that are synapomorphies of more inclusive clades.

flowers fruit vascular tissue seeds

gametic

identify life cycle

If both male and female gametes are identical in size and morphology, they are referred to as _____________?

isogamete

A ocular B objective C nosepiece D slide clip E fine focus

match parts to name

A : capsule : 2N B: seta: 2N C: leaf N D: perianth : N E: stem :N F: rhizoids : N

match the letter with the ploidy number

moss

musci : byrophyta

Some plants, like legumes, form a ____________________ relationship with bacteria that live inside their root nodules.

mutualistic

vegetative body of a fungus is called

mycelium

A sporophyte B gametophyte C rhizoids D capsule E spores F seta

name labels

A flagellum B eyespot C contractile vacuole D paramylon granules E chloroplast F nucleus

name labels

archaeplastida

name the lineage

#1 blade #2 stipe #3 holdfast

name the number parts

A peristome B capsule (sporangium) C seta of sporophyte D gametophyte

name the parts labeled

Ginkgophyta

name the phylum

What type of reproduction are certain rotifers (Bdelloidea) famous for?

obligate parthenogenesis

What does parfocal mean?

once an image is in focus with one objective lens, it will be nearly in focus with all objective lenses

orange:: synapomorphies ,shared derived character states purple:symplesiomorphy;character that is shared and primitive

orange : purple

poikilohydric

the external environment controls the state of hydration

std error

sd/ root n

. Although historically called blue-green algae, Cyanobacteria are not eukaryotic, and many biologists restrict the word 'algae' to photosynthetic eukaryotes other than the Land Plants.

true

All Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes; their cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and lack complex organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. true or false

true

Seed plants have separate male and female spores, and separate male and female gametophytes.

true

true of false ? Bacteria are ideal for experiments involving mutations and evolution because they have a fast generation time and it is easy to grow billions of cells in a small space

true

bat

type of pollinator

bee and perhaps other insects

type of pollinator

water

type of pollinator

wind

type of pollinator

Musci ,Eukarya

what groups does this beling 2

rotifer

what is pictured

to help it float on a pollination drop

what is the function of the "ears" on thus pollen grain?

to deter insects and pathogens

what is the function of the "hole" labeled A?

calcium carbonate

what is the main component of this organism shell " test"

.angiosperm ovary

what is this a cross section of

excavata

what lineage

carion fly

what type of pollinator