Bio lecture 4
How many shells of electrons does carbon have?
2
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form with other atoms?
4
What type of bond forms between two sugar molecules?
Glycosidic bond
What are macromolecules?
large organic molecules
What are the two possible shapes formed by monosaccharides such as glucose?
linear or ring
Large molecules made from smaller organic molecules are called .
macromolecules
Carbohydrate polymers are called ______
polysaccharides
What feature of fats allows them to store high levels of energy?
Fatty acids contain long chains of C-H bonds
Arrange these carbohydrates in order of increasing size. Start with the smallest at the top of the list.
Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide
What type of monomers are combined to form carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What are the four categories of macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Lipids are molecules that are composed of primarily what two elements?
carbon hydrogen
The amount of energy a fat contains is determined by how many bonds it has between atoms and atoms.
carbon hydrogen
The three chemical elements that are found in all carbohydrates are , and
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Groups of atoms with characteristic chemical features and properties are called groups.
functional
The covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction is called
glycosidic
Which elements are the primary components of lipids?
hydrogen and carbon
Molecules that have identical molecular formulas but different structures are called ______.
isomers
Carbohydrate monomers are known as
monosaccharides
A monosaccharide with five carbon atoms is called a(n) sugar, and a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms is called a(n) sugar.
pentose, hexose
When many monosaccharides are linked together, they form long carbohydrate polymers called
polysaccharides
Fatty acids without carbon-carbon double bonds, such as the fatty acid shown here, are called fatty acids.
saturated
Which polysaccharides are used for energy storage in cells?
starch glycogen
What are functional groups?
the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
Which type of fatty acid contains one or more C=C double bonds?
unsaturated
What did Wöhler and Kolbe's experiments demonstrate?
Organic compounds can be synthesized from inorganic compounds.
In what organisms are starch and glycogen found?
Starch is found in plants and glycogen is found in animals.
Fats consist of three fatty covalently bonded to a three-carbon molecule called .
acids glycerol
