Bio lecture 4

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How many shells of electrons does carbon have?

2

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form with other atoms?

4

What type of bond forms between two sugar molecules?

Glycosidic bond

What are macromolecules?

large organic molecules

What are the two possible shapes formed by monosaccharides such as glucose?

linear or ring

Large molecules made from smaller organic molecules are called .

macromolecules

Carbohydrate polymers are called ______

polysaccharides

What feature of fats allows them to store high levels of energy?

Fatty acids contain long chains of C-H bonds

Arrange these carbohydrates in order of increasing size. Start with the smallest at the top of the list.

Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide

What type of monomers are combined to form carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

What are the four categories of macromolecules

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Lipids are molecules that are composed of primarily what two elements?

carbon hydrogen

The amount of energy a fat contains is determined by how many bonds it has between atoms and atoms.

carbon hydrogen

The three chemical elements that are found in all carbohydrates are , and

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Groups of atoms with characteristic chemical features and properties are called groups.

functional

The covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction is called

glycosidic

Which elements are the primary components of lipids?

hydrogen and carbon

Molecules that have identical molecular formulas but different structures are called ______.

isomers

Carbohydrate monomers are known as

monosaccharides

A monosaccharide with five carbon atoms is called a(n) sugar, and a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms is called a(n) sugar.

pentose, hexose

When many monosaccharides are linked together, they form long carbohydrate polymers called

polysaccharides

Fatty acids without carbon-carbon double bonds, such as the fatty acid shown here, are called fatty acids.

saturated

Which polysaccharides are used for energy storage in cells?

starch glycogen

What are functional groups?

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

Which type of fatty acid contains one or more C=C double bonds?

unsaturated

What did Wöhler and Kolbe's experiments demonstrate?

Organic compounds can be synthesized from inorganic compounds.

In what organisms are starch and glycogen found?

Starch is found in plants and glycogen is found in animals.

Fats consist of three fatty covalently bonded to a three-carbon molecule called .

acids glycerol


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