AS- ACC
moment of inertia
A property of a body that defines its resistance to a change in angular velocity about an axis of rotation
moment of inertia
A property of a body that defines its resistance to a change in angular velocity about an axis of rotation.
Force
A push or pull that tend to move a body to the direction of its action.
Weak Storey
A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the storey above is considered as __________.
elastic deformation
A temporary change in the dimensions or shape of a body produced by a stress
Structure
An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral forces. They may be categorized as building or non- building.
moment of inertia
Every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed.
Angle of repose
For any given granular material, the steepest angle with horizontal, a heaped soil surface will make in normal condition that will not slide.
Cold joint
Formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed
Force x Distance
Formula of Moment
1 Kg*M/s²
One Newton is equal to
rafters
One of a series of inclined structural members from the ridge of the roof down to the eaves, providing support for the covering of a roof.
Batter piles
Piles at an inclination to resist forces that are not critical
Deflection
The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it.
db but not less than 20 mm and need not exceed 50 mm
What is the minimum concrete cover for primary reinforcement of beams and columns not exposed to earth or weather for cast in place concrete
db but not less than 15 mm and need not exceed 40 mm
What is the minimum concrete cover for primary reinforcement of beams and columns not exposed to earth or weather for precast manufactured under plant control conditions
Effective length
The distance between inflection point in the column when it breaks.
Bond stress
The force of adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces, such as between concrete and a steel reinforcing bar
Proportional limit
The greatest stress to which a material is capable of developing without a permanent deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress.
Development length
The length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength at a critical section
Buckling load
The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected position.
Yielding stress
The lowest stress in a material (less than the maximum attainable stress) at which the material begins to exhibit plastic properties; beyond this point an increase in strain occurs without an increase in stress
Bottom Bar
The main reinforcing bar resisting tension at the span of a beam
Top Bar
The main reinforcing bar resisting tension at the support of a beam
Girder
The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system is called:
Allowable stress
The maximum unit stress permitted under working loads by codes and specifications
Yielding stress
The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively when the material sustain without failure is called
Ultimate stress
The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively when the material sustain without failure.
Laittance
The milky layer composed of cement and fine aggregate on the upper surface of the concrete mass during curing process due to an excess amount of water used:
Development length
The minimum length of straight reinforcing bar or reinforcing rod which is required to anchor it in concrete
Cement
The most important component to determine the strength of concrete mix.
Eyebar
The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform thickness with forged loop or head of greater width than the body, with is proportioned to provide approximately equal strength both in the head and the body.
To allow relatively free end rotation of connection members To make the analysis simpler To allow for better load distribution All of the above
The primary reason for using pinned connection.
Acceleration
The rate of change of the velocity of a moving body.
Safety factor
The ratio of the ultimate breaking strength of a member or piece of material or equipment to the actual working stress when in use.
Height
To find the volume of water in a cylinder tank, multiply the area of its base by its:
Base Area
To find the volume of water in a cylinder tank, multiply the height from the base to the overflow by its:
Not less than the effective depth of member of 12 db, or 1/16th the clear span, whichever is greater
What is the minimum requirement for development of at least 1/3 of the total reinforcement provided for negative moment reinforcement as an embedment length beyond the point of inflection
Stirrups
A bended rod to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a concrete beam is called
Dowel
A deformed bar, embedded in a concrete construction at a joint and designed to hold a butting edges together, not designed for direct load transfer
Shear and moment diagram
A design analysis as a basis where the total lateral forces are distributed to the various vertical elements of the lateral force-resisting system.
Moment arm
A force measured at a distance from the axis of rotation to the point being considered.
equilibrant
A force that act in the opposite direction equal to an action force
Stress- strain diagram
A graphic representation of the relationship between unit stress values and the corresponding unit strain for a specific material
moment diagram
A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moment
Diaphragm
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting system including the horizontal bracing system.
Contraction joint
A joint between adjacent parts of a structure which permits movement between them resulting from contraction
Expansion joint
A joint or gap between adjacent parts of a building, structure or concrete work which permits their relative movement due to temperature changes (or other conditions) without rupture or damage
Construction joint
A joint where two successive placement of concrete meet
Hook's law
A law stating that the deformation of an elastic body is proportional to the force applied, provided the stress does not exceed the elastic limit of the material.
Distributed load
A load which acts evenly over a structural member or over a surface that supports the load.
Compression
A longitudinal strain that tend to shorten the object
Admixture
A material used as ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties
Mortar
A mixture composed of one part of Portland cement and one part of clean sand, used as a filter
Metal Fatigue
A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden and brittle fracture of a ductile material due to reversals of stresses applied to a body repeatedly or a great number of times.
Sump
A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to collect water into which a pump is placed to sewer the liquid.
2 years
(NSCP 403.20) A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection during the progress of work . How many years after completion of the project shall certificates be preserved by the inspecting engineer or architect.
N/ mm²
1Mpa is equal to
Girder
A beam carrying a beam is known as...
hook
A bend or curve given to develop an equivalent embedment length, used where there is insufficient room to develop in adequate embedment length
Riprap
A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed compactly to protect the banks or bed of a river from the eroding effects of the flowing water.
Bearing wall system
A shear type structural system without a complete vertical load carrying space frame.
A wall designed to resist lateral pressure to the plane of the wall
A shear wall is:
Dowel
A short steel bar extending from one concrete element to another as for instance a concrete foundation to a concrete column. It may or may not transfer direct stress
space frame
A three dimensional structural system without the bearing walls, composed of interconnected members laterally supported so as to function as a complete self-contained unit with or without the aids of horizontal diaphragms or floor-bracing system:
Shotcrete
A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with aggregate larger than 10mm originally sprayed under high air pressure of lining tunnels
Shear wall
A wall which in its own plane carries shear, resulting from forces such as wind, blast or earthquake
Bearing wall
A wall which supports vertical loads in addition to its weight without the benefit of a complete vertical load carrying space frame.
Working stress
Allowable stress; in the design of structures, the maximum unit stress permitted under working loads by codes and specifications
Contraction joint
An expansion joint's adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements between them is called
Seismometer
An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the ground with respect to a stationary point during an earthquake.
Deflection
Any displacement in a body from its static position, or from an established direction or plane, as a result of forces acting on the body
Deformation
Any material changes in shape when subjected to the action of a force.
jack rafter
Any rafter that is shorter than the usual length of the rafters used in the same building; esp. occurs in hip roofs
essential facilities
Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy
statics
Branch of engineering mechanics that is concerned with the analysis of loads.
Hazardous facility
Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or substances fall to what type of category
special occupancy
Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall to what type of occupancy
equilibrium
Condition in which forces are counteracted by a force resulting in a stable balanced force system.
Plasticizer
Constructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily be pumped. What type of admixture in concrete the contractor will provide which can reduce the requirement of mixing water and produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate and needs very little vibration
Aggregate
Granular material such as sand, gravel, stone, and iron blast furnace slag used with a cementing medium to form a hydraulic cement concrete
vibrator
Honey comb in concrete can be limited by the use of...
Essential Facilities
Hospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations, are classified as ___________.
90 degree bend plus 12 db extension, at free end of the bar
How is a 90 degree bend standard hook for concrete reinforcement constructed
Limit state
If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no longer useful for its intended function or to unsafe, it has reached its __________.
Curtain wall
In a tall building of steel-frame construction, an exterior wall that is non-loadbearing, having no structural function
Modulus of elasticity
In an elastic material which has been subject to strain below its elastic limit, the ratio of the unit stress to the corresponding unit strain.
Slenderness ratio
In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration is called
Modulus of elasticity
In formula e = PL/AE, E stands for
Allowable stress
In the design of structures, the maximum unit stress permitted under working loads by codes and specifications.
Lintel beam
It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or window to carry the wall over opening.
Semi-continuous beam
It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the other end is projecting beyond a fixed support.
Gerber beam
It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges in alternate spans, functions essentially as a cantilever beam.
Hinge
It is a point within the structure at which a member (beam/column) can rotate slightly to eliminate all bending moment in the member at that point.
loads
It is the general term applied for all force which act upon a structure and anything else which causes stresses or deformation within a structure, or part thereof:
Sway brace
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a building
Overturning moment
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a building.
Live load
It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be present at all is called:
Concentrated load
Load acting on a very small area of a structure
10
Long column refers to the laterally unsupported length along the longitudinal axis not less than how many times its least lateral dimension
Purlins
Longitudinal beams which rest on top chord, and preferably at the joints of the truss:
Stirrup
Loop or reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement.
Ultimate strength
Maximum Stress that can be attained immediately before actual failure or rapture.
Miscellaneous occupancy
Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to what type of occupancy
Soil Stabilization
Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to reduce its shrinkage and ensure that it will not move. Common methods are mixing the soil with cement or compaction
10
Short column refers to the laterally unsupported length along the longitudinal axis not more than how many times its least lateral dimension
150 degrees
Standard hooks are bends made at the end of a reinforcing bar according to standards. Which of the bends does not belong to the group
Temperature bar
Steel reinforcement which is placed in a concrete slab, or the like, to minimize the possibility of developing cracks as a result of temperature changes.
Rupture Strength
Stress at w/c the material specimen breaks.
tension
The act of stretching or state of being pulled apart, resulting in the elongation of an elastic body.
Volume
The amount of space measured in cubic units:
structural analysis
The analysis of the stress, strain and deflection characteristics of structural behavior is referred to as:
Liquefaction
The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry imposed loads when subjected to vibration such as earthquake particularly when water table saturates this layer.
Reflection
The change of direction which a ray of light, sound or radiant heat undergoes when it strikes a surface
x component
The component of a diagonal force assumed to be directed parallel to the horizon.
Y component
The component of a diagonal force assumed to be directed towards gravity.
moment
The rotational force measured at a given axis at a given point on a beam
Inflection Point
The section at which the moment changes from positive to negative
inflection point
The section at which the moment changes from positive to negative along its longitudinal axis
Tensile stress
The stress per unit area of the original cross section of a material which resist its elongation.
Flexural stress
The stress that can cause the bending of a member, as under a load.
Reaction
The sum total of all the external forces measured from the supports of a beam.
Moment
The tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis.
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist any change in its rest or motion.
Creep
The tendency of most material to move or deform over time under a constant load The amount of movement varies enormously depending upon the material.
Safety factor
The ultimate strength of the material divided by the allowable working load.
Uplift pressure
The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of a structure or road slab caused by the presence of water.
Construction joint
The vertical or horizontal face in a concrete structure where concreting has been stopped and continued later
Dead load
The weight of a structure itself, including the weight of fixtures or equipment permanently attached to it.
movable load
These are lateral loads except one
Braced Frame
This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral forces of a building.
Studs
Timber walls consist of a series of closely spaced columns known as
Resultant force
Two or more forces acting as a single force on a free body diagram.
Force System
Two or more forces acting on a body or on a group of related bodies.
Cantilever beam
Type of beam fixed only at one support.
uniformly varying load
Type of load that is increasing or decreasing linearly throughout the length of the beam
uniformly distributed loads
Type of load that produce parabolically varying moments
Retaining wall
Wall, either freestanding or laterally braced, that bears against an earth or other fill surface and resists lateral and other forces from the material in contact with the side of the wall, thereby preventing the mass from sliding to a lower elevation.
Load-bearing walls
Walls that support weight from above as well as their own dead weight.
2,400 Kg
What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of concrete
7,850 Kg
What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel
1,000 Kg
What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of water
one-way slab
When the ratio of the short span to the long span of a slab is less then 0.50, slab.
coplanar force system
Where the lines of action of all the forces in a force system lie in the same plane.
girder
large or principal beam of steel, reinforced concrete or timber; used to support concentrated loads at isolated points along its length