Bio Midterm
Which of the following statements regarding the molecule illustrated in the above figure is true?
it is a saturated fatty acid
The reaction shown above would be considered
Exergonic
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as ________ is to __________.
Exergonic, endergonic
Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin Cycle?
How is ATP used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates?
According to this graph of population growth of fur seals, in what year did the population first reach carrying capacity?
1950
During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon dioxide is produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurement of oxygen gas consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following?
A substance that removes the carbon dioxide gas
which of the following is the most correct interpretation of the figure below? (picture of exergonic reaction powering an endergonic reaction)
ATP is a molecule that acts as an intermediary to store energy for cellular work
The vertebrate forelimb initially develops in the embryo as a solid mass of tissue. As development progresses, the solid mass near the end of the forelimb is remodeled into individual digits. Which of the following best explains the role of apoptosis in remodeling of the forelimb?
Apoptosis involves the regulated activation of proteins in specific cells of a developing forelimb that leads to the death of the cells
Which of the following represents the activation energy needed for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the above figure?
B
Which of the following questions will best direct an investigation of the mechanism of ATP synthase?
Can ATP synthase use the energy released by phosphorylation of ADP to pump protons against a concentration gradient?
A metallic ion is added to a protease enzyme, and as a result, the amino acids were used up in the enzymatic reaction faster as the protein-product was made. This added chemical is a:
Cofactor
If chemical signals in the cytoplasm control the progression of a cell to the M phase of the cell cycle, then fusion of a cell in G1 with a cell in early M phase would most likely result in the
Condensation of chromatin in preparation of nuclear division in both cells
Which of the following represents the difference between the free-energy content of the reactants and the free-energy content of the products in the above figure?
D
Which of the following represents the total delta G of the reaction in the figure above?
D
The above figure shows a macromolecule that is being formed. Which type of reaction is forming the macromolecule and identify the type of macromolecule that is being built
Dehydration synthesis ; protein
The figures below illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. These figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions?
Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthesis can generate ATP molecules?
Which of the following questions can best be answered by the diagram
Does the addition of an enzyme reduce the activation energy required for a reaction?
The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is shown below. If the input of water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of oxygen, then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with the same isotope. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is split, removing electrons and protons, and oxygen gas is released
Given the formula for free energy, which of these statements is correct?
Increasing temperature or entropy will decrease free energy
which of the following chemical equations describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?
Monosaccharide + monosaccharide = disaccharide + H2O
You have two beakers. One contains pure water, the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen
NaCl will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol
Which of the following correctly describes the pathway taken by a protein destined for secretion from an animal cell?
Rough ER --> transport vesicle --> Golgi --> transport vesicle --> plasma membrane
Which of the following types of signaling is represented in the above figure?
Synaptic
A chemical is added to an enzyme, resulting in the enzyme changing shape and no longer working. Which of these statements is true?
The chemical is an allosteric, non-competitive inhibitor
Protein Kinase can be inhibited my multiple inhibitors. Some are competitive inhibitors, but others are not. Which of the findings below would suggest competitive inhibition?
The inhibitor binds to the active site and decreases overall enzyme activity.
The figure below shows an organelle typically found in eukaryotic cells. Which of the following best describes the function of the double membrane system of this organelle? (picture of mitochondria)
The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix
If the enzyme in the graph shown above was exposed to an extreme high temperature, we would expect to see:
The rate of reaction decrease because the enzyme may denature, changing the shape of the active site
Researchers are studying the reaction rate of an enzyme. The graph above shows the expected rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction as the initial substrate concentration is increased. What would happen if the substrate concentration was doubled from 0.6 to 0.8?
The reaction rate would not be affected
Which of the following is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem?
They are fewer in numbers than the primary consumers
For this to be a sustainable ecosystem, which organism must have the greatest biomass?
grass
The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 NaCl. Side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 glucose and 0.4 NaCl. If you examine side A in the figure after 3 days, you should find
a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level
Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when
a sufficient number of bacteria are present
Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations?
an ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryotes in a relationship that proved beneficial to both cells.
G proteins and G protein linked receptors ...
are thought to have evolved very early, because of their similar structure and function in a wide variety of modern organisms
Cells use the ATP cycle to
couple exergonic reactions with endergonic reactions
According to the data, the crickets at 25 degrees C have greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than do the crickets at 10 degrees C. This trend in oxygen consumption is the opposite of that in the mice. The difference in trends in oxygen consumption among crickets and mice is due to their
mode of internal temperature regulation
This monomer is called (it has a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base)
nucleotide
Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted in the center of this molecule is most likely
positively charged
if rodents are primary consumers, the bobcats are
secondary consumers
According to the data, the mice at 10 degrees C demonstrated greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than did the mice at 25 degrees C. This is most likely explained by which of the following statements?
the mice at 10 degrees C had a higher rate of ATP production than the mice at 25 degrees C.
is the population of bobcats growing?
yes