Bio Psych Week 2 - Cellular Neurobiology

Sending information on to the next neuron(s) is the function of which of the following parts of the neuron?

axon

You are a research technician examining different structural types of neurons in the primate brain. You are looking in your microscope one day and see a bipolar neuron. Which of the following best describes what you see?

A neuron in which the single axon and the main dendrite come off opposite sides of the cell body.

You are a research technician examining different structural types of neurons in the primate brain. You are looking in your microscope one day and see a multipolar neuron. Which of the following best describes what you see?

A neuron which has multiple dendrites and a single axon

_________ neurons are neurons in which the single axon and main dendrite come off opposite sides oft he cell body while ____________ neurons are neurons in which multiple dendrites and one axon come off the cell body.

Bipolar; multipolar

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: _________ neurons are neurons in which the single axon and main dendrite come off opposite sides oft he cell body while ____________ neurons are neurons in which both the single axon and the main dendrite are part of the same process.

Bipolar; unipolar

You are a neurologist and you diagnose a patient as having leukodystrophy. Which of the following is likely to be the cause of this condition?

Defective production of myelin by his oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells.

A shorter branching process coming off the cell body of a neuron is known as which of the following?

Dendrite

The _____________ is the part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons while the __________ sends a signal on the the next neuron(s).

Dendrite; axon

A _____________ is a shorter, branching process coming off the cell body of a neuron while the ______________ is where the nucleus and most organelles are found.

Dendrite; cell body or soma

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: The _____________ is the part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons while the __________ integrates and processes signals and decides whether to create a signal of its own.

Dendrite; cell body or soma

Hydrocephaly is associated with over-activation of which of the following types of glial cell?

Ependymal cells

Producing the cerebrospinal fluid is the function of which of the following class of glial cells?

Ependymal cells

You are a physician's assistant and you have a patient who is experiencing hydrocephalus. Which of the following types of glial cells is most likely to have malfunctioned to cause this condition?

Ependymal cells

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: The function of ____________ is to is to produce cerebrospinal fluid while the function of __________ is to provide structural support, form the blood-brain barrier, and store glucose.

Ependymal cells; astrocytes

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: The function of ____________ is to is to produce cerebrospinal fluid while the function of __________ is to eat invading microorganisms and damaged and dead neurons.

Ependymal cells; microglia

The function of ____________ is to is to produce cerebrospinal fluid while the function of __________ is to eat invading microorganisms and damaged and dead neurons.

Ependymal cells; microglia

The function of ____________ is to is to produce cerebrospinal fluid while the function of __________ is to wrap myelin around axons to increase axonal conduction of neurons.

Ependymal cells; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Primary tumors are formed by ___________.

Glial cells but not neurons

You are a neurobiologist studying the cells of the brains of lizards. One day you find a cell that phagocytoses or eats invading microorganisms and damaged and dead neurons. Which type of glial cell is this.

Glial scarring

Chronic over-activation of ependymal cells is most associated with which of the following conditions?

Hydrocephalus

Most neurons in the human brain are which of the following?

Interneurons

Neurons that link between two other neurons, and thus both send and receive information from other neurons, are known as which of the following?

Interneurons

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: __________ neurons both receive and send input to and from other neurons while _______ neurons receive input from other neurons and send input to muscles.

Interneurons; motor neurons

__________ neurons both receive and send input to and from other neurons while _______ neurons receive input from the environment and send it to other neurons.

Interneurons; sensory neurons

Which of the following is true regarding diffusion of ions across the plasma membrane?

Ions can diffuse neither into nor out of the cell across the plasma membrane because of their charge.

Which of the following statements is true regarding diffusion of ions into or out of cells across the plasma membrane?

Ions can neither diffuse into nor out of the cell across the plasma membrane

You are a neuroscience student examining different neurons under the microscope. You see a neuron in which the single axon and a single main dendrite come off opposite sides of the cell body. Which of the following best describes the neuron you are looking at?

It is a bipolar neuron

Which of the following is the best definition for the term dendrite?

It is a shorter, branching process coming off the cell body of a neuron

You are a neuroscience student examining different neurons under the microscope. You see a neuron in which both the single axon and main dendrite are part of the same process that connects to the cell body by a single stalk. Which of the following best describes the neuron you are looking at?

It is a unipolar neuron

You are a neurobiologist studying the cells of the brains of lizards. One day you find a cell that wraps a myelin sheath around axons of the central nervous system. Which type of glial cell is this?

It is an oligodendrocyte

Which of the following is the best definition for the term synapse?

It is the region where the axon terminal of one neuron comes close to the dendrite of another neuron

1. You are a research technician examining different structural types of neurons in the primate brain. You are looking in your microscope one day and see a multipolarneuron. Which of the following best describes what you see?

It is where the nucleus and most organelles are found in the neuron

You are a neuroscientist studying the brain of insects. You discover a cell in the grasshopper brain that appears to function as an oligodendrocyte. Which of the following functions does this cell have?

It wraps neuronal axons with a myelin sheath to increase neuronal conduction velocity in the central nervous system.

You are a neuroscientist studying the brain of insects. You discover a cell in the grasshopper brain that appears to function as an Schwann cell

It wraps neuronal axons with a myelin sheath to increase neuronal conduction velocity in the peripheral nervous system.

You are a neuroscientist and you create a line of mice genetically engineered so that they don't have any ependymal cells. Which of the following problems would you expect these mice to have?

Lack of production of cerebrospinal fluid.

You are a neurologist and you have a patient who appears to be suffering from a condition characterized by defective production of myelin by his oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Which of the following diseases does this patient have?

Leukodystrophy

You are a physician's assistant and you have a patient who is experiencing chronic pain syndrome. Which of the following types of glial cells is most likely to have malfunctioned and is over-producing and secreting substances causing pain in this subject?

Microglia

Chronic pain syndrome is caused by over-activation of ______________ while glial scarring is caused by over-activation of ___________________.

Microglia; astrocytes

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: The function of ____________ is to eat invading microorganisms and damaged and dead neurons while the function of ______________ is to provide structural support, form the blood-brain barrier, and store glucose.

Microglia; astrocytes

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: Hydrocephalus is caused by over-activation of ______________ while leukodystrophy is caused by defects in ___________________.

Microglia; ependymal cells

The function of ____________ is to eat invading microorganisms and damaged and dead neurons while the function of ______________ is to wrap myelin around axons to increase the speed of axonal conduction of neurons.

Microglia; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

__________ neurons receive input from other neurons and send input to muscle fibers while _______ neurons send and receive input from other neurons.

Motor neurons; interneurons

You are a neurologist and you have a patient who appears to be suffering from a demyelinating disease caused by destruction of myelin by his immune system. Which of the following diseases does this patient have?

Multiple Sclerosis

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: Most neurons in the human brain are ________________.

Multipolar interneurons

Most neurons in the human brain are which of the following?

Multipolar neurons

Most neurons in the human brain are which of the following? Please select all answers that are correct below.

Multipolar neurons

Neurons which contain multiple dendrites and a single axon are known as which of the following?

Multipolar neurons

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: _________ neurons are neurons in which multiple dendrites and one axon come off the cell body while __________ neurons are neurons in which the single axon and the single main dendrite come off opposite sides of the cell body.

Multipolar; bipolar

_________ neurons are neurons in which multiple dendrites and one axon come off the cell body while __________ neurons are neurons in which both the single axon and the main dendrite are part of the same process.

Multipolar; unipolar

Insulating the axon of neurons to increase conduction velocity of electrical impulses, is the function of which of the following?

Myelin

Ions can diffuse _____________________ the cell across the plasma membrane.

Neither into nor out of

Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of ions into or out of cells across the plasma membrane?

Neither positively nor negatively charged ions can diffuse into or out of the cell across the plasma membrane due to their high charge.

You are a neuroscientist and you create a line of genetically engineered mice that have a specific set of defects. Specifically, they appear to have defects in myelination of axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Which of the following classes of glial cells is probably defective in these mice?

Schwann cells

You are a physician's assistant and you have a patient who is experiencing leukodystrophy of the peripheral nervous system. Which of the following types of glial cells is most likely to have malfunctioned and is causing this condition?

Schwann cells

Which of the following statements is true regarding brain tumors?

Secondary tumors form from tumor cells from elsewhere in the body that invade the brain Neurons don't form tumors because they can't divide and form new cells

Which of the following is a function of the axon of a neuron?

Sending signals on to the next neuron

Which of the following is a function of the axon of a neuron? Please select all of the answers that are correct below.

Sending signals on to the next neuron

Which of the following functional types of neurons DO NOT receive information from other neurons? Please select all of the answers that are NOT neurons that receive information from other neurons below.

Sensory neurons

__________ neurons receive input from the environment and send it to other neurons while _______ neurons receive input from other neurons and send it to muscles.

Sensory neurons; motor neurons

The region where the axon terminal of one neuron comes close to the dendrite of another neuron is known as which of the following?

Synapse

Which of the following structural types of neurons has a single axon? Please select all of the answers that are correct below.

Unipolar neurons Multipolar neurons Bipolar neurons

_________ neurons are neurons in which the single axon and main dendrite are part of the same process while ____________ neurons are neurons in which multiple dendrites and one axon come off the cell body

Unipolar; multipolar

Which of the following best describes the function(s) of Schwann cells?

Wrapping neuronal axons with a myelin sheath to increase neuronal conduction velocity of neurons in the peripheral nervous system

An atom called X loses an electron. Which of the following describes what X is after it loses an electron?

X is a positively charged ion because it lost a negatively charged electron and thus has more positive charge than negative charge.

Leukodystrophy of the peripheral nervous system is associated with defects in which of the following types of glial cell?

Schwann cells

Myelinating the axons of neurons of the peripheral nervous system is the function of which of the following class of glial cells?

Schwann cells

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding diffusion? Please select all of the answers that are FALSE below.

-Diffusion is the movement of particles from areas of low concentration to high concentration -Ions can easily diffuse into or out of the cell across the plasma membrane -Movement of particles by diffusion requires energy

Which of the following is a function of the cell body or soma of a neuron?

-Integrating and processing signals received from other neurons. -Carrying out cellular functions like energy production and protein synthesis.

Which of the following is true regarding ions?

-Ions are atoms or molecules that can be either positively or negatively charged. -Ions become charged by gaining or losing electrons -Ions can be either positively or negatively charged -Ions are atoms or molecules that are charged

Which of the following is FALSE regarding ions? Please select all of the answers that are FALSE below.

-Ions become charged by gaining or losing protons -Ions can be positively but not negatively charged. -Ions are atoms or molecules that can be either charged or uncharged

Which of the following statements is true regarding diffusion?

-Ions cannot diffuse into or out of cells across the plasma membrane because of their high charge -Movement of particles by diffusion does not require energy.

You are a neurologist and an adult patient comes to you who has a secondary brain tumor. Which of the following cell types is NOT likely to have caused this tumor? Please select all of the answers that are NOT likely to have caused this tumor below.

-Neurons -Astrocytes

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding brain tumors?

-Neurons can form primary tumors because they can divide and form new cells -Primary brain tumors aren't formed by glial cells because glial cells can't divide and form new cells

Which of the following is true regarding the function of neurons?

-Neurons function by moving ions into and out of the cell across the plasma membrane -Neurons carry out their function by creating and sending electrical signals -The primary function of neurons is communication

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell body or soma of a neuron?

-Sending signals on to the next neuron -Receiving signals from other neurons

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the function of neurons?

-The primary function of neurons is movement -Neurons function by moving ions into but not out of the cell across the plasma membrane -Neurons carry out their function by releasing chemical signals into the blood

You are a neurobiologist studying the cells of the brains of lizards. One day you find a cell that phagocytoses or eats invading microorganisms and damaged and dead neurons. Which type of glial cell is this?

Astrocyte

Glial scarring is associated with over-activation of which of the following types of glial cell?

Astrocytes

Which of the following cell types forms the most common type of glial cell tumor?

Astrocytes

You are a neurologist and a patient comes to you who has a primary brain tumor. Which of the following cell types is most likely to have caused this tumor? Please select all of the answers that are correct below.

Astrocytes

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: Glial scarring is caused by over-activation of ______________ while hydrocephalus can be caused by over-activation of ___________________.

Astrocytes; ependymal cells

The function of ____________ is to provide structural support, help form the blood-brain barrier, and store glucose while the function of ______________ is to produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Astrocytes; ependymal cells

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: The function of ____________ is to provide structural support, help form the blood-brain barrier, and store glucose while the function of ______________ is to wrap myelin around axons to increase the speed of axonal conduction of neurons.

Astrocytes; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: The _____________ is a single longer process coming off the cell body of a neuron while a _______________ is where the nucleus and most organelles are found in the neuron.

Axon; cell body or soma

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: The _____________ integrates and processes signals and decides whether to create a signal of its own while the __________ sends signals to other neuron(s).

Cell body or soma; axon

The _____________ is where the nucleus and most organelles are found in the neuron while a(n) _________________ is a single longer process coming off the cell body of a neuron.

Cell body or soma; axon

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: The _____________ integrates and processes signals and decides whether to create a signal of its own while the __________ receives signals from other neurons.

Cell body or soma; dendrite

The main function of neurons is which of the following?

Communication through the creation and transmission of electrical signals known as action potentials.

The main function of neurons is ___________, which they do by __________________.

Communication; creating and sending electrical signals

Myelinating the axons of neurons of the central nervous system is the function of which of the following class of glial cells?

Oligodendrocytes

You are a physician's assistant and you have a patient who is experiencing leukodystrophy of the central nervous system. Which of the following types of glial cells is most likely to have malfunctioned and is causing this condition?

Oligodendrocytes

Select the answer below that best fills in the blanks of the following sentence: Leukodystrophy is caused by defects in ______________ while hydrocephalus is caused by over-activation of ___________________.

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells; ependymal cells

You are a neuroscientist and you create a line of mice genetically engineered so that they don't have any microglia. Which of the following problems would you expect these mice to have?

Problems phagocytosing or eating and removing microorganisms and dead and dying cells.

Which of the following best describes the function(s) of Schwann cells and ependymal cells?

Producing the cerebrospinal fluid

Which of the following is a function of dendrites?

Receiving information from other neurons

Which of the following is a function of the dendrite of a neuron? Please select all of the answers that are correct below.

Receiving signals from other neurons

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common types of neuron in the human nervous sytem? Please select all answers that are correct below.

Unipolar neurons Sensory neurons probably anything besides multipolar and interneurons

1You are a biological psychologist studying neurons that link between two neurons and thus both send and receive information from other neurons. Which of the following best describes the cells you are studying?

They are interneurons

You are a biological psychologist studying neurons that link between two neurons and thus both send and receive information from other neurons. Which of the following best describes the cells you are studying?

They are interneurons

You are a biological psychologist studying neurons that send signals to the muscles from the CNS. Which of the following best describes the cells you are studying?

They are motor neurons

Which of the following best describes bipolar neurons?

They are neurons in which the axon and the main dendrite come off opposite sides of the cell body.

Which of the following best describes what interneurons are?

They are neurons that link between two neurons, or both send and receive information from other neurons

You are a research scientist studying different functional types of neurons. Your specialty is studying interneurons. Which of the following best describes the function of the cells you specialize in?

They are neurons that link between two neurons, or both send and receive information from other neurons.

Which of the following best describes what sensory neurons are?

They are neurons that receive sensory information from the environment and relay it to the central nervous system (CNS)

Which of the following best describes multipolar neurons?

They are neurons which have multiple dendrites and a single axon

You are a biological psychologist studying neurons that receive information about the environment and relay it to the CNS. Which of the following best describes the cells you are studying?

They are sensory neurons

Which of the following best describes how neurons create and send electrical signals in order to communicate?

Through the movement of charged particles called ions across the plasma membrane into and out of the cell.

Secondary tumors are formed by ___________, Primary tumors are formed by _______________.

Tumor cells from elsewhere in the body that invade the brain; glial cells but not neurons

You are a neuroscience student examining different neurons under the microscope. You see a neuron which has multiple dendrites coming off the cell body and a single axon. Which of the following best describes the neuron you are looking at?

it is a multipolar neuron

You are a physician's assistant and you have a patient who is experiencing chronic pain syndrome. Which of the following types of glial cells is most likely to have malfunctioned and is over-producing and secreting substances causing pain in this subject?

microglia

Which of the following functional types of neurons DO NOT send information to other neurons? Please select all of the answers that are NOT neurons that receive information from other neurons below.

motor neurons

You are a biological psychologist studying neurons that send signals to the muscles from the CNS. Which of the following best describes the cells you are studying?

motor nuerons

You are a neurologist and an adult patient comes to you who has a secondary brain tumor. Which of the following cell types is NOT likely to have caused this tumor? Please select all of the answers that are NOT likely to have caused this tumor below

neurons astrocytes