Bio quizlet
Which of the following helps most to explain why water has a high specific heat?
(a) A water molecule can make 4 hydrogen bonds.
The open spaces in water's crystal structure make it possible for ...
(a) aquatic life to exist at the North Pole.
Chapter 3: Polar attractions are ...
(a), (b), and (c) are correct. forces between atoms with partial charges weaker than covalent bonds important because they are numerous
Which statement is true of water's tensile strength?
(a), (b), and (c). (It results from hydrogen bonding, it helps to pull water through plants, it involves both cohesion and adhesion)
Why doesn't oil mix with water?
(c) Polar molecules attract one another.
Which statement is true of pH buffers?
(c) They consist of weak acids and weak bases.
To make a buffer, you need to ...
(d) have a weak acid or a weak base half ionized in water.
Chapter 1: Which of the following is an example of "unity in diversity"? See Concept 1.2 (Page)
*Cilia and flagella in all eukaryotes have the same basic structure. *The structure of DNA is the same in all organisms. *All organisms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, use essentially the same genetic code. *The forelimbs of all mammals have the same basic structure, modified for different environments
Which of the activities listed below could help limit global warming by slowing the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?
-choosing a fuel-efficient car, or bicycling to school or work -replacing fossil fuels with nuclear energy -limiting soil erosion so organic matter takes longer to decompose
About _____ molecules in a glass of water are dissociated. 1 in 1,000,000,000 1 in 1,000,000 1 in 2 1 in 5,000,000 1 in 500,000,000
1 in 500,000,000
What is the charge on a hydronium ion?
1+
A pH of 6 is how many times more acidic than a pH of 9? See Concept 3.3 (Page)
1,000
What is the charge on a hydroxide ion?
1-
Chapter 3: In the molecule below, how many atoms could make hydrogen bonds with water?
10
An atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Another isotope of the same element might have ...
10 neutrons
Chapter 3: How many atoms in the pictured molecule can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
5
If the molecular mass of a carbon atom is 12, the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1, and the mass of an oxygen atom is 16 daltons, how many molecules does one mole of table sugar (sucrose; C12H22O11) contain?
6.02 x 10^23
The mass number of an atom is 15, and its atomic number is 7. The atom probably has...
8 neutrons in the nucleus.
Select the statement that best describes a buffer. See Concept 3.3 (Page)
A buffer resists change in pH by accepting hydrogen ions when acids are added to the solution and donating hydrogen ions when bases are added.
How did this molecule form? (molecule depicts three hydrogens and one oxygen) (hydronium ion)
A water molecule gained an hydrogen ion from another water molecule.
A buffer consists of undissociated acid (HA) and the ion made by dissociating the acid (A-). How does this system buffer a solution against decreases in pH?
A- binds most of the added H+, so not much H+ is left to lower the pH.
Water molecules cling to plant cell wall
Adhesion
Water molecules cling to the side of a beaker.
Adhesion
Which answer helps to explain why all living cells need pH buffers?
Amino acid side chains have many carboxyl and amino groups.
Water is a source of ______________ for chemical reactions in cells.
Both (a) and (b) (hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms)
Which factor is important in making it possible to cool yourself by sweating? Think carefully!
Both (a) and (b). (Molecules collide with varied angles and speeds, hydrogen bonds are relatively weak)
Which statement helps to explain why ice is less dense than liquid water?
Both (a) and (b). (Water molecules make hydrogen bonds at definite angles, cold molecules move less than warm molecules)
An atom has 6 electrons, 6 protons, and 6 neutrons. You can tell that this atom belongs to the element _____ because _____________________.
C; it has 6 protons.
A drop of water spilled on a table forms a drop on the table, rather than spreading out over the surface.
Cohesion
Water molecules are attracted to each other
Cohesion
Explain the pattern of temperatures shown in the diagram.
During the summer, the coastal areas are cooler than the inland areas because the ocean moderates the climate near the coast by absorbing and releasing heat.
3. The "geo" in biogeochemical refers to Earth--specifically, to the abiotic reservoirs where a chemical element can be found.
Earth
Which statement is true of atoms?
Electrons determine the atom's size.
Chapter 2: A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is a(n) _____. See Concept 2.1 (Page)
Element
Chapter 1:No amino acid molecule by itself can speed up or catalyze reactions between other molecules; however, when amino acids are joined together to make a protein with catalytic properties, the new structure (enzymatic protein) can speed up the rate of a specific chemical reaction. What does this illustrate?
Emergent properties
Chapter 1: Which taxonomic domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms? (Plants and certain algae are multicellular photosynthetic organisms included in the kingdom Plantae of the domain Eukarya.)
Eukarya
If you want a molecule that is highly polar, look for one that contains:
H-N
Which of these is the correct equation for the dissociation of water? H2O + OH-<==> H2O+ H2O <==> H+ + OH- H2O + H2O+<==> H2O + OH- H+<==> H2O + H2O+ H2O + H2O <==> H3O+ + OH-
H2O + H2O <==> H3O+ + OH-
Chapter 1: Which of the following is true of a scientific theory See Concept 1.3 (Page)
It generates testable hypotheses, is supported by a large body of evidence, and is broad in scope.
Chapter 1: In order for a hypothesis to be able to be used in science, which of the following must be true? See Concept 1.3 (Page)
It is testable and falsifiable.
How does the way a buffer stabilizes pH during addition of acid differ from the way the same buffer stabilizes pH during addition of base?
It's the same reaction running backward or forward.
Which of the following is a trace element required by most living organisms? See Concept 2.1 (Page)
Manganese
Chapter 1: What is the correct order for the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex?
Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
Which answer correctly ranks the atoms in terms of decreasing electronegativity (the highest electronegativity first)?
O, N, C, H
Use your knowledge of electronegativity to pick out the most polar bond in the list below.
O-H
Chapter 1: Competition is central to the theory of natural selection. Why does competition occur? See Concept 1.2 (Page)
Organisms typically produce too many offspring, and resources are limited.
Which statement must be mentioned in explaining why amphipathic molecules line up at a water surface?
Polar groups attract one another.
Which model most accurately represents the current view of the structure of the atom?
Probability model
Which of the following subatomic particles always has a positive charge? See Concept 2.2 (Page)
Proton
Changing the number of _____ would change an atom into an atom of a different element. See Concept 2.2 (Page)
Protons in an atom
Chapter 3: Which of these bonds is weakest?
Select the diagram of hydrogen bonds (water molecules) Hydrogen Bonds are weaker than covalent bonds because they do not involve sharing of electrons, and they are weaker than ionic bonds because they involve the attraction of partial (not full) opposite charges.
The table shown here lists the specific heat of several substances. Substance Specific heat J/g/∘C water 4.18 ethyl alcohol 2.44 benzene 1.80 sulfuric acid 1.40 Based on the information in the table, which of the following statements are true?
Sulfuric acid is less resistant to temperature change than water. Benzene is more resistant to temperature change than sulfuric acid. More heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 ∘C than to raise the temperature of 1 g of ethyl alcohol 1 ∘C. Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Explanation - (Water has a high specific heat relative to other substances due to the hydrogen bonding that occurs between water molecules. Water is very resistant to temperature increases because the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules must be disrupted to raise the temperature of the water. By the same token, water must lose a large amount of heat and form many additional hydrogen bonds for its temperature to decrease.)
A sewing needle floats when it is placed gently on top of water in a bucket
Surface tension
A water strider runs across a pond without breaking the surface.
Surface tension
Chapter 3: Why isn't this insect drowning? (Question includes a picture of a bug standing on water)
Surface tension . (The high surface tension of water allows the insect to remain on the surface.)
Label each target to indicate if the interaction between the molecules inside the rectangle contributes to surface tension (T), adhesion (A), or cohesion (C).Note that one target should be left blank because the molecules inside that rectangle are not involved in any of these interactions.
Surface tension most commonly occurs at air-water interfaces, where it resists breakage of the surface. Hydrogen bonds tend to pull water molecules at the surface together, reducing the curvature of the surface.Cohesion tends to keep water molecules that are away from surfaces from separating.Adhesion makes water stick to hydrophilic surfaces, such as cell walls.a. T, b. T, c. C d. N/A e. C f. A g. A
Which atom in the pictured molecule will have the strongest partial positive charge?
The C that's in C=O.
4. In the terrestrial carbon cycle, the abiotic reservoir from which living organisms directly obtain their carbon is the atmosphere.
The atmosphere
How does the pH of the solution on the right compare with that of the solution on the left? 1. Both of these solutions are equally basic. 2. The solution on the right is acidic relative to the solution on the left.3. Both of these solutions are equally acidic. 4. The solution on the right is basic relative to the solution on the left. 5. The solution on the right is neutral relative to the solution on the left.
The solution on the right is basic relative to the solution on the left.
Which statement is true of the energy levels of electrons in shells?
The valence shell has higher energy than other occupied shells.
Chapter 1: Which of the following statements is true about chemical nutrients in an ecosystem?
They recycle within the ecosystem, being constantly reused.
Dr. Haxton says the O-O bond is polar and the C-C bond is nonpolar. A good student would say ...
Wrong again, Ralph. Both bonds are nonpolar. Submit
Dissolving is best described as ...
a mingling of molecules and/or ions.
The carbon cycle describes the cycling of carbon between Earth's biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) reservoirs. Identify the major reservoirs and processes in the carbon cycle by labeling the diagram below.
a-CO2 in atmosphere b-photosynthesis on land c-photosynthesis in ocean d-cellular respiration e-plants f-burning fossil fuels g-consumers h-decomposers
Buffers work best when ...
about half of the buffer molecules are dissociated.
Which statement is true of the atom shown in the diagram?
all of the above
Sodas typically contain sugar, flavorings, coloring agents, and carbon dioxide dissolved in water. The best term to describe this mixture would be _____. See Concept 3.2 (Page)
an aqueous solution
Radioactive decay is likely to occur when ...
an atom has too many neutrons.
Many of water's emergent properties, such as its cohesion, its high specific heat, and its high heat of vaporization, result from the fact that water molecules _____. See Concept 3.2 (Page)
are attracted to each other by partial negative and positive charges on the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, respectively
Chapter 3: Hydrogen bonds ...
can form between H and N.
6. Carbon moves from living organisms to an abiotic reservoir during the process of cellular respiration.
cellular respiration
Chapter 3: The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its _____.
electronegativity
Chapter 3: A water molecule can bond to up to _____ other water molecules by ____ bonds.
four ... hydrogen
The atoms of different phosphorus isotopes _____. See Concept 2.2 (Page)
have different numbers of neutrons
Because organisms are made primarily of water, they resist rapid temperature changes. This useful quality is based on water's _____. See Concept 3.2 (Page)
high specific heat
Water molecules have a polarity, which allows them to be electrically attracted to other water molecules and other polar molecules by weak chemical bonds known as _____. See Concept 3.1 (Page)
hydrogen bonds
Water has surface tension because ...
hydrogen bonds between surface water molecules resist being stretched.
What is the arrow pointing to? (pointing one single circle that has a plus sign) 1. hydronium ion 2. electron 3. water molecule 4. hydrogen ion 5. hydroxide ion
hydrogen ion
In a neutral solution the concentration of _____. 1. hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions 2. water molecules is less than the concentration of hydroxide ions 3. hydrogen ions is less than the concentration of hydroxide ions 4. hydrogen ions is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions 5. water molecules is less than the concentration of hydrogen ions
hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions
What name is given to this molecule? (molecule depicts three hydrogens and one oxygen)
hydronium ion
What is the arrow pointing to? (pointing to a red circle attached to a white circle with a minus sign) 1. hydroxide ion 2. proton 3. hydrogen ion 4. water 5. hydronium ion
hydroxide ion
What name is given to this molecule? (molecule with one hydrogen and one oxygen and a negative charge)
hydroxide ion
Chapter 1: How does DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) encode information?
in the sequence of nucleotides. Submit
An acid is a substance that _____. See Concept 3.3 (Page)
increases the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution
The amount of energy that must be absorbed or lost to raise or lower the temperature of 1 g of liquid water by 1°C _____. See Concept 3.2 (Page)
is 1 calorie
Though you add heat, the temperature of boiling water remains constant because ...
it takes energy to break hydrogen bonds.
2. As a chemical element moves through a biogeochemical cycle, it moves between "bio" and "geo." The "bio" in biogeochemical refers to biotic reservoirs, or living organisms.
living organisms
A carbon atom and a hydrogen atom form what type of bond in a molecule? See Concept 2.3 (Page)
nonpolar covalent bond
An ionic bond is formed when _____. See Concept 2.3 (Page)
one atom transfers an electron to another atom
5. Carbon moves from an abiotic reservoir to living organisms during the process of photosynthesis.
photosynthesis
Chapter 3: The unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule _____.
polar The electrons spend more time with the oxygen of the water molecule than with the hydrogens of water. Thus, the oxygen has a net negative charge and the hydrogens have a net positive charge.
Chapter 3: In this molecule, what type of bond is found between the oxygen and hydrogens?
polar covalent While oxygen shares electrons with hydrogen, the electrons spend more time with the oxygen than with the hydrogens.
Chemists assign atoms to chemical elements by counting their ________.
protons
1. In a biogeochemical cycle, a chemical element spends time in different places, called reservoirs.
reservoirs
Dr. Jones says an atom has 3 electrons in the first shell and four electrons in the second shell. Someone should tell Dr. Jones that ...
the first shell shouldn't have 3 electrons.
Chemical equilibrium is reached when _____. See Concept 2.4 (Page)
the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate so that the concentrations of reactants and products remain the same
The type of bonding and the numbers of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms is determined by _____. See Concept 2.2 (Page)
the number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell
Two atoms always represent the same element if they have ...
the same number of protons.
Chapter 1: Which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
the use of DNA as the information storage molecule
Hydrogen bonding is most often seen _____. See Concept 2.3 (Page)
when hydrogen is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom
