bio test 1 study set 2
Isotopes of an element differ in their
neutron number
Isotopes of an element differ in their
neutron number.
In the diagram below, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called
nucleotide.
The primary structure of a protein refers to the
number and sequence of amino acids.
Which functional group is present in amino acids?
-NH2
What functional group makes a carbohydrate polar?
-OH
The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is
2 in the inner energy shell, 8 in the second energy shell, and 8 in the outer energy shell.
An element has an atomic number of 78. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are
78 protons and 78 electrons.
How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid?
A weak acid dissociates only partially in water.
An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)
ion.
Which of the following is not one of the most common elements in living things?
iron
Which of the following is not a way in which chemical bonds can be formed?
splitting electrons
Plants store their sugar in the form of
starch.
Which word does not belong with the others?
sucrose
After drinking a great deal of coffee (pH 5), a human's blood buffering system would need to ________ as the coffee was digested to lower the level of acid present in the blood stream.
take up H+
Chemical bonds involve
the giving, taking or sharing of electrons.
Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. The chemical reactions that involve energy conversion are called
metabolism.
The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a(n)
monomer
Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA?
nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate
A covalent bond occurs when
electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.
DNA functions to ________, while RNA's function is to ________.
store the information to make RNA; contain the information to make a protein.
Which property of water would help to account for how an individual who is exercising and producing excessive heat can maintain a constant body temperature?
Water has high heat capacity.
An ionic bond forms when
a negatively charged ion is attracted to one with a positive charge.
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA.
Which of the following elements would be found in a carbohydrate?
C, H, O
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
C6H12O6
Which formula is a hydrocarbon?
CH4
Which of the following is not an organic molecule?
COCl2
Which of the following is not an organic molecule?
CaCO3
A polypeptide forms a pleated sheet or a helix as its primary structure.
False
Cola has a pH of 3.5. This means that it has an excess of ________ ions and would be called a(n) ________.
H+; acid
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
H2CO3
Which of the following explains the events occurring when water boils?
Hydrogen bonds are broken between neighboring water molecules.
Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. The chemical name for baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. What is the bicarbonate doing to help with stomach upset?
It is serving as a buffer to take up excess H+ ions from stomach acid
Which of the following is not a compound?
O2
Which statement regarding the scientific method is false?
Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment.
Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?
Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.
Which of the following is not associated with proteins?
Proteins are used to produce DNA.
Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. What would be the valence number of this element?
Six
Which of the following describes how an acid disrupts the chemical bonds of molecules in a cell?
The H+ ions can disrupt hydrogen bonds as the slightly negative portion of the molecule is more attracted to H+ ions than to the hydrogen that was part of the bond.
Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form and interact?
The oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with one another to create stable outer shells of electrons. The electrons are shared unequally resulting in a polar molecule whose slight charges form weak hydrogen bond attractions with other water molecules.
Which of these does not occur when a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom?
There is a mutual sharing of the electrons between the sodium and chlorine atoms.
What do lemons, tomatoes, and coffee all have in common chemically?
They all produce H+ ions in solution, making them acids.
What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy than unsaturated ones?
They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms, which makes them more tightly packed together.
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Thymine
In sickle-cell disease, malformation of red blood cells is caused by only one mistake for one amino acid in the genetic code for hemoglobin.
True
Managing emerging diseases such as SARS is just one of the many challenges facing science today.
True
The development of new technologies is based on science.
True
Of the following examples, which best demonstrates the property of water cohesion?
Water can move up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves.
Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?
amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?
atom
A(n) ________ can be defined as a substance that prevents the pH of a solution from changing by either releasing or absorbing H+ in a solution.
buffer
Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could use which of the following as a new food source?
cellulose
Glucose, C6H12O6, is best described as a(n)
compound
Glucose, C6H12O6, is best described as a(n)
compound.
The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the
concentration of H+ present in a solution.
Inside a living cell, which type of bond would be the most stable?
covalent
Which of the following would not be a valuable use for radioactive isotopes?
damaging DNA of healthy cells
Which one of the following is a function of proteins?
enzymatic activity ????
The figure below represents the formation of a ________ molecule by the process of ________.
fat; dehydration synthesis
Atherosclerosis is associated with
fats with no double bonds.
Scientists were studying temperature selection amongst pregnant big brown bats. What would be the best control group for this study?
female bats that were not pregnant
Select the incorrect association.
fructose - a polysaccharide
Which word does not belong with the others?
glycogen
Which of the following is not a dehydration synthesis reaction?
glycogen forming glucose molecules
In addition to carbon, an organic molecule must contain
hydrogen.
What is the function of a peptide bond?
joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid
When you eat a salad, which one of the following components will pass through the body with the least amount of digestion?
lettuce
Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufo marinus) from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture—both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often had deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. Based on this study, what is/are the test group(s)
male toads collected from areas near large-scale and small-scale farms
The atomic structure of water satisfies the octet rule by having
oxygen share electrons with two hydrogen atoms.
A covalent bond involves the sharing of
pairs of electrons
Elements differ from each other in their
physical properties and atomic number
lements differ from each other in their
physical properties and atomic number.
Scientists were studying temperature selection among pregnant big brown bats. What would the test group be in this experiment?
pregnant bats
Which of the following is least likely to be affected when a protein is denatured?
primary structure
Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.
protein; nucleotides
Select the incorrect association.
proteins—have three forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms that
react a certain way with other molecules.
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in
two monomers.
A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because of
unequal sharing of electrons
A fatty acid that has at least two double bonds is called
unsaturated.
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
uracil
The primary structure of a protein refers to the
v number and sequence of amino acids.
ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell. The components of ATP are a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and three phosphate groups. Given this structure, ATP is a(n)
nucleic acid.
ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell. The components of ATP are a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and three phosphate groups. Given this structure, ATP is a(n) protein.
nucleic acid.
Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory
Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufo marinus) from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture—both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often had deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. In this study, what is the genus of the study animal?
Bufo
Although Oregon and South Dakota are at similar latitudes, winters in Oregon are warmer and summers in Oregon are cooler. Which of the following might explain these differences between the climate of Oregon and the climate of South Dakota?
The Pacific Ocean makes Oregon temperatures more moderate.
Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufo marinus) from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture—both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs located far from agricultural sites. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often had deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. Based on this study, what is the control group?
male toads collected from the suburbs
Which of the following is not a property of water?
maybe cohesive
In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the
reactants.
