Bio test 3

In order to generate one glucose molecule, the Calvin cycle has to turn how many times?

6 times

In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by

A difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane

What products of light reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

In photosynthesis, carbon fixation occurs

Calvin Cycle

It is thought that the oldest stage of cellular respiration from an evolutionary perspective

Glycolysis

This process is common to all living cells

Glycolysis

When oxygen is unavailable during heavy exercise what process do muscle cells use for energy generation?

Glycolysis coupled with lactate fermentation

All of the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part of the eukaryotic cell?

The mitochondria

Why are the components of the electron transport chain embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane rather than floating freely in the cytoplasm of mitochondrial matrix?

To generate and maintain the proton gradient essential for ATP production.

Chlorophyll b absorbs green wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a cannot absorb. In this respect, chlorophyll b acts as

an accessory pigment

Where do the carbon atoms in glucose come from?

carbon dioxide

In eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside the

chloroplasts

The light independent reactions of photosynthesis are those that

convert CO2 into reduced molecules (sugars)

NADPH is made by

the passing of electrons from photosystem I to an electron transport chain.

Why is the energy generated from the catabolism of sugars and other macromolecules ultimately harnessed to generate ATP?

ATP can be used by cells to drive endergonic reactions

What happens to the oxygen that is used in cellular respiration

It is reduced to form water

The splitting of water and the generation of oxygen occur where?

Photosystem II

Molecules that absorb light called

Pigments

Pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells occurs in the

Plasma membrane

In glycolysis, a major portion of the energy remains in the final product, which is called

Pyruvate