Bio Unit Four
RNA is not considered a nucleic acid. a) True b) False
False
The nitrogen-containing bases of RNA are the same as DNA. a) True b) False
False
The process that removes introns and links exons is called editing. a) True b) False
False
Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm. a) True b) False
False
rRNA is regular RNA. a) True b) False
False
tRNA contains the codon which is complementary to the anticodon on mRNA. a) True b) False
False
Explain why RNA is an important molecule.
RNA is important because it is the only molecule that carries the genetic instructions stored in DNA in the nucleus out to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. DNA cannot leave the nucleus and proteins cannot be made inside the nucleus, therefore RNA 1 is the only molecule that can transport the information stored in the DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the proteins are made
What is the purpose of RNA?
RNA is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus out to the cytoplasm to a ribosom
The ______ carries the genetic instructions to the ribosome for protein synthesis. a) RNA molecule b) DNA molecule c) nucleus d) cell
RNA molecule
Which of the following enzymes is directly responsible for transcription? a) DNA polymerase b) RNA polymerase c) helicase d) ligase
RNA polymerase
Protein synthesis is initiated by the AUG codon. a) True b) False
True
The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called transcription. a) True b) False
True
The ribosomes read the sequence of codons in mRNA. a) True b) False
True
There are three types of RNA. a) True b) False
True
Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Translation always begins with an AUG start codon. (2) The start codon establishes the reading frame of mRNA. (3) The mRNA molecule is read one codon at a time until a stop codon is reached. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 2 and 3 d) 1, 2, and 3
1, 2 and 3
Explain the roles of codons and anticodons and what molecules in which they are located.
A codon is a three-base sequence in mRNA. During translation, the ribosome "reads" the codon to signal which amino acid is needed next in the polypeptide chain. The anticodon is a three-base sequence in the tRNA molecule, which is complementary to the codon. As the ribosome reads the codon, the tRNA containing the anticodon comes to the ribosome to drop off the amino acid connected to that particular anticodon sequence. This process carries out the instructions for building that particular protein
The regions that do code for proteins are called _______________
Exons
Translation involves all of the following types of molecules except a) DNA. b) tRNA. c) mRNA. d) amino acids.
DNA
Transcription is the ______ part of the central dogma of molecular biology. a) DNA RNA b) RNA DNA c) DNA proteins d) RNA proteins
DNA RNA
The regions that do not code for proteins are called ________________.
Introns
In protein synthesis, bonds form between adjacent amino acids as they are brought one by one to the ribosome, forming a _____________ chain.
Polypeptide
Translation is the ____________ part of the central dogma. a) DNA protein b) DNA RNA c) protein RNA d) RNA protein
RNA protein
During translation, the mRNA is read in groups of ________ bases.
Three
Explain the differences between DNA and RNA.
There are 3 major differences between DNA and RNA. The deoxyribose sugar in DNA is replaced with ribose in RNA. RNA is a single strand of nucleotides where DNA is a double strand of nucleotides. The thymine base in DNA is replaced with the uracil in RNA
Describe the different types of RNA.
There are three types of RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic instructions for protein synthesis made from the DNA template from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The mRNA then binds to a ribosome to begin protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries individual amino acids to the ribosomes, where they are joined together to form proteins. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a collection of RNA molecules and proteins that form the ribosome itself.
Describe transcription and its role in the central dogma of molecular biology.
Transcription is the process in which genetic instructions in DNA are copied to form a complementary strand of mRNA. The role of transcription in the central dogma of molecular biology is to carry the genetic instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus, where the DNA, is located to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs
Give an overview of translation.
Translation is the second part of the central dogma of molecular biology: RNA protein. It is the process in which the genetic code in mRNA is "read" to make a protein with the correct sequence of amino acids. After mRNA leaves the nucleus, it travels to a ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. The ribosome reads the sequence of codons in mRNA. Molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence, and the amino acids join together to form a protein.
What is the opposite coding sequence of CGATTACAG produced as a result of transcription?
complementary mRNA strand - GCUAAUGUC
Proteins are long chains of a) mRNA. b) nucleotides. c) amino acids. d) ribosomes.
amino acids
The sequence of steps in the transcription process is: a) elongation initiation termination b) elongation termination initiation c) initiation termination elongation d) initiation elongation termination
initiation elongation termination
What is mRNA? a) methyl RNA b) messenger RNA c) molecular RNA d) all of the above
messenger RNA
The location of translation is a) in the nucleus. b) outside of the cell. c) in a chloroplast. d) on a ribosome.
on a ribosome.
___________ brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome.
tRNA
Translation can be described as a) the transfer of the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. b) the process in which the genetic code in mRNA is read to make a protein. c) the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA. d) the process of making a protein in the nucleus.
the process in which the genetic code in mRNA is read to make a protein.
RNA contains uracil instead of: a) adenine. b) cytosine. c) guanine. d) thymine.
thymine